Question | Answer |
Theory | another means of identifying problem for research study
**plays an important role in research process** |
Hierarchy of Knowledge | 1. Laws
2. Theories
3. Concepts
4. Hypotheses
5. Stories |
Hierarchy of Knowledge: Laws | invariable depictions of relationships among variables or phenomena |
Hierarchy of Knowledge: Theories | abstract generalizations explaining variables or phenomena |
Hierarchy of Knowledge: Concepts | abstract representations of observed variables or phenomena |
Hierarchy of Knowledge: Hypotheses | quantitative predictions of relationships |
Hierarchy of Knowledge: Stories | qualitative patterns of experiences |
Examples of Laws | -nature
-gravity
-conservation of mass
-Boyle's |
Theory | abstract generalization concerning a set of interrelated concepts that specify the nature of a relationship between variables or phenomena |
Purpose of Theory | aids in understanding a problem; gives meaning to research findings, values, beliefs, relationships, and experiences; provides framework that describes, explains, or predicts variables or phenomena
**reinforced by hypothesis testing** |
Examples of Theories | -evolution
-personality
-stress
-infection
-aging
-pain
-development
-death and dying |
Concept | abstract representation describing observations of variables or phenomena (Construct - invented or "constructed" complex concept) |
Purpose of Concept | enables communication of meanings about objects, characteristics, behaviors, or processes; provides a framework that describes and links variables or phenomena |
Examples of Concepts | -love
-depression
-grief
-self image
-self efficacy
-health promotion
-nursing process
-models of nursing |
Framework | theoretical or conceptual structure of a study |
Purpose of Framework | aids in defining theory or concept; aids in determining design; communicates how variables or phenomena "fit together" |
What section of a report is the Framework most commonly found in? | The Intro section |
Example of a Framework | Theory of Infection
Pathogen:bacteria, fungi, protozoas
I
Means of Transmission
I
Portals of Entry:mouth, nose, skin
I
Susceptibility of Host:lower immune system, genetics, lack of sleep, inadequate nutrition, lack of exercise |
Models of Nursing | -10+ models developed in 1980s-2000s
-focus on 4 concepts: person, environment, health, nursing
*Roger's Science of Unitary Beings
*Roy's Adaptation Model
*Parse's Theory of Human Becoming
*Orem's Self-care deficit model
*Watson's theory of Car |