Question | Answer |
what is the most important lab values to monitor generally speaking? | electrolyte |
what is the most urgent electrolyte to pay attention to? | hyperkalemia (potassium) |
Disulfiram-like effect | flushing, sweating, tachycardia, headache, nausea, vomiting, weakness |
Stevens-Johnson syndrome | Fever, rash, and bullae on skin and mucous membranes, widespread sloughing of skin and mucous membranes, potential death due to infection from loss of skin integrity |
Drugs that cause constipation | aluminum and calcium antacids, sucralfate, H2 receptor antagonists, anticholinergics, and those with anticholinergic effects |
Drugs that cause diarrhea | some antibiotics, magnesium antacids, misoprostol, proton pump inhibitors |
Drugs that cause drowsiness | H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors; alcohol, NSAIDS, antihistamines, anticonvulsants, psychotropic, things with central nervous system effects |
extrapyramidal symptoms | extreme restlessness, involuntary movements, and uncontrollable speech |
effects of anticholinergics | dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness, sweating |
Drugs metabolized by CYP450 enzymes | diazepam and antianxiety drugs; phenytoin (anticonvulsant); warfarin |
natural products that can cause bleeding | feverfew, garlic, ginger, ginkgo, others |
other drugs that can cause bleeding | aspirin, NSAIDs, penicillins, corticosteroids, warfarin |
Factors that promote thrombus formation | virchow's triad: alterations in normal blood flow, injuries to vascular endothelium, alterations in constitution of blood (hypercoagulability) |
s/s of systemic anaphylaxis | difficulty breathing-wheezing; severe hypotension, tachycardia, hives/itch; swelling of mucous membranes |
suppress hepatic CYP450 enzymes | grapefruit juice, cimetidine, erythromycin, omeprazole |
induce hepatic CYP450 enzymes | Rifampin, St. John’s Wort, phenytoin, char-broiled meats, smoking. |
Drugs that decrease K+ | glucocorticoids, K+ wasting diuretics, licorice |
phases of tissue healing | inflammation, reconstructive (proliferative), maturation (remodeling) |
inflammation phase of tissue healing | toxins diluted, cellular debris and microorganisms phagocytized, cytokines and growth factors secreted |
reconstructive phase of tissue healing | collagen matrix and granulation tissue produced, epithelium covers surface, new blood vessels develop |
maturation phase of tissue healing | collagen in the area is reorganized over extended period of time |