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patho and pharm prin
generally applicable to patho and pharm subjects
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the most important lab values to monitor generally speaking? | electrolyte |
| what is the most urgent electrolyte to pay attention to? | hyperkalemia (potassium) |
| Disulfiram-like effect | flushing, sweating, tachycardia, headache, nausea, vomiting, weakness |
| Stevens-Johnson syndrome | Fever, rash, and bullae on skin and mucous membranes, widespread sloughing of skin and mucous membranes, potential death due to infection from loss of skin integrity |
| Drugs that cause constipation | aluminum and calcium antacids, sucralfate, H2 receptor antagonists, anticholinergics, and those with anticholinergic effects |
| Drugs that cause diarrhea | some antibiotics, magnesium antacids, misoprostol, proton pump inhibitors |
| Drugs that cause drowsiness | H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors; alcohol, NSAIDS, antihistamines, anticonvulsants, psychotropic, things with central nervous system effects |
| extrapyramidal symptoms | extreme restlessness, involuntary movements, and uncontrollable speech |
| effects of anticholinergics | dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness, sweating |
| Drugs metabolized by CYP450 enzymes | diazepam and antianxiety drugs; phenytoin (anticonvulsant); warfarin |
| natural products that can cause bleeding | feverfew, garlic, ginger, ginkgo, others |
| other drugs that can cause bleeding | aspirin, NSAIDs, penicillins, corticosteroids, warfarin |
| Factors that promote thrombus formation | virchow's triad: alterations in normal blood flow, injuries to vascular endothelium, alterations in constitution of blood (hypercoagulability) |
| s/s of systemic anaphylaxis | difficulty breathing-wheezing; severe hypotension, tachycardia, hives/itch; swelling of mucous membranes |
| suppress hepatic CYP450 enzymes | grapefruit juice, cimetidine, erythromycin, omeprazole |
| induce hepatic CYP450 enzymes | Rifampin, St. John’s Wort, phenytoin, char-broiled meats, smoking. |
| Drugs that decrease K+ | glucocorticoids, K+ wasting diuretics, licorice |
| phases of tissue healing | inflammation, reconstructive (proliferative), maturation (remodeling) |
| inflammation phase of tissue healing | toxins diluted, cellular debris and microorganisms phagocytized, cytokines and growth factors secreted |
| reconstructive phase of tissue healing | collagen matrix and granulation tissue produced, epithelium covers surface, new blood vessels develop |
| maturation phase of tissue healing | collagen in the area is reorganized over extended period of time |
Created by:
hezasan
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