Question | Answer |
Thiazide diuretic: Block Na reduction in cortical portion of ascending tubule;water excreted w/ Na --> decreased blood volume - AZIDE | Chlorothazide (Diuril), Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril), Indapamide (Lozol), Metolazone (Zaroxlyn) |
Loop Diuretic: Block Na and water reabsorption in medullary portion of ascending tubule; decreased blood volume - AMIDE | Butmetanide (Bumex), Furosemide (Lasix), Torsemide (Demadex) |
Potassium Sparing Diuretic: Inhibit aldosterone: Na excreted in exchange for K; avoid salt substitutes because they are often potassium based | Spironolactone (Aldactone), Triamterene (Dyrenium) |
Adrenergic Inhibitors Beta blockers: Block beta adrenergic receptors in SNS; decr heart rate and BP; Decr renin release by kidneys - OLOL | Atenolol (Tenormin), Metoprolol (lopressor), Nadolol (Corgard), Propanolol ( Inderal) |
Centrally Acting alpha blockers: Decreases PVR | Clonidine (catapres), Methyldopa (Aldomet) |
Alpha-1 adrenergic blockers: Decreased PVR | Prazosin (Minipress), Terazosin (Hytrin) |
Combined alpha and beta blockers: Same as beta blockers, Block beta-adrenergic receptors in SNS; decr heart rate and BP; Decr renin release by kidney | Labetolol (normodyne, trandate) |
Vasodilators: Dilate perpheral vessels by directly relaxing vascular smooth muscle | Hydralazine (Apresoline), Minoxdil (Loniten) |
ACE inhibitors: Inhibit conversion of angiotensin - PRIL | Captopril (Capoten), Enalapril (Vasotec), Lisinopril (Prinvil), Benzapril (Lotensin), Fosinopril (Monopril), Quinopril (Accupril) |
Angiotensin II Receptor blockers: Blocks effect of angiotensin II at the receptor - TAN | Losartan (Cozaar), Irbesartan (Avapro), Valsartan (Diovan) |
Calcium Channel Blockers: Inhibit influx of Ca into muscle cells; promote vasodilation and decr PVR by relaxing vascular smooth muscle | Diltiazen (Cardizen), Nifedipine Procardia, Verapamil ( Calan, isoptin), Verapamil SR, Amlodipinr (Norvasc |
Lispro (Humalog), glulisine (Apidra), aspart (Novolog) | Rrr Rrr Rapid |
Humulin and Novolin R | shoRt |
Humulin N and Novolin N | Intermediate |
Humulin U | Lonngg acting |
Onset 10-12mins, Peak 1-2hrs, duration 2-4hrs | Rapid |
Onset 30mins-1hr, Peak 2-3hr, Duration 4-6hr | shoRt |
Onset 2-4hr, Peak 4-12hr, 16-20hrs | Intermediate |
Onset 6-8hr, Peak 12-14hr, 20-30hr | Long Acting |
Minimal side effects | Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers |
dizziness | Calcium channel blockers |
incr BUN, Uric acid, blood glucose, HypoK, postural hypotension, fatigue | Thiazide Diuretics |
hypoK, postural hypotension, incr uric acid | loop diuretics |
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics | hyperK |
adrenergic inhibitors beta blockers | Bradycardia, fatigue, mental depression, contraindicated with asthma, COPD, and heart block, DM may not have usual hypoglycemic symptoms |
Centrally acting alpha blockers | drowsiness, sedation, orthostatic hypotension |
Alpha-1 adrenergic blockers | first dose syncope, ortho hypotension |
combined alpha and beta blockers | ortho hypotension, bronchospasm |
vasoldilators | HA, dizziness |
ACE inhibitors | First dose hypotension, cough, Hyper K, renal function, BUN, creatinine |