Question | Answer |
What is the TBW % of a healthy M, F and Infant | Infant 70%, 60% Male, 50% female |
Increased body fat affect TBW % by | decreasing TBW %, fat is hydrophobic |
Describe the distribution of body water | ICF=40% (2/3) of body weight, ECF= 20% of body weight. |
ECF is divided among what 4 compartments | Interstitial=15% f total body weight, Intravascular=5% of total body weight, lymphatic, and transcellular- (synovial peritoneal, ocular, cerebrospinal fluid) |
Protiens are ____in plasma compared to the interstial fluid | higher |
Average blood volume of a normal adult is | +- 5L |
Pathology in these 2 systems have the greatest impact on the ability to maintain proper fluid balance | cardiac, renal |
Increased fluid volume and decreased osmolality of ECF does what to the hypothalamus | inhibits the osmoreceptors in the hypothalamic thirst center |
Decrease fluid volume and increase osmolality of ECF does what | stimulates osmoreceptors in the hypothalamic thirst center (creates sensation of thirst), also decreased saliva secretion |
Describe Excitable cells | Have the ability to respond to electrical stimulation |
Membrane potentials are influenced by | conc. of electrolytes in the ECF and ICF |
Principle of osmotic neutrality | sum of cations and anions should be zero in the ICF and ECF |
What are the body’s Cations | Sodium, Potassium,Calcium, Magnesium |
What are the body’s Anions | Bicarbinate, Chloride, Phosphate, Protiens, others anions.. |
What is the dominate cation ion in the ECF | Na+ ECF=[142], ICF [10] |
What are the dominate anions in the ECF | bicarb EFC=[24], ICF [12], Chloride ECF=[104], ICF [4] |
What are the dominate intracellular cations | potassium ICF=[156], ECF [5], Mg++ ICF[26], ECF [2] |
What are the dominate intracellular anions | Phosphate ICF= [40-95], ECF=[2]; Protiens ICF [54], ECF [16] |
Resting membrane potential | -70 to -85 milivolts, no change in charges, inside is neg, outside is pos. |
Action potential | stimulus that exceeds threshold causes rapid change in resting membrane potential, due to influx of Na+ ions. Causes the inside of the cell to move to a charge of zero (depolarization) |
Repolarization | return of the negative polarity to reach the resting membrane potential |
Passive transport | does not use ATP, Moves in favor of the gradient, high-to-low |
4 types of passive transport | Diffusion (movement of solute), Facilitated diffusion |
Active transport | requires ATP, moves against conc. gradient (low-to-high) |
2 types of Active transport | active (requires a carrier), and bulk transport |
Descriptors of Bulk transport | exocytosis (movement of particles out of cell, i.e. secretion), endocytosis (moving particle into a cell), phagocytosis (solids), pinocytosis (liquids) |