Question | Answer |
Subject | One performing the action |
Topic | The thing being spoken of |
Direct object | Takes the action of the verb |
Indirect object | Object indirectly affected by verb |
Which is the direct and indirect object?:
He hit the ball to Sam. | Direct: The ball
Indirect: Sam |
Verb | Action |
Japanese subject/verb/object word order | subject/object/verb OR object/subject/verb |
Japanized word order: I ate sushi. | I sushi ate. OR Sushi I ate. |
が | (ga)Subject Marker |
を | (o) Direct object marker |
は | (wa) Topic Marker |
に | (ni) Marks direction, time, indirect object |
へ | (e) Marks direction of the action |
から | (kara) From: Marks starting point of an action |
まで | (made) Until: Marks ending point of an action |
で | (de) In, by, with, at: location, manner, or background conditions of the action |
の | (no) 'S: Possessive or modifier |
と | (to) And, with: listing items or specifying object with same status as the subject |
か | (ka) Or: lists choices |
Example: Jon _ kita. (John came.) | が |
Example: Mari が Jon _ sasotta. (Mary invited John.) | を |
Example: Konnichi _. (Hello.) | は |
Example: Nihon _ itta. (I went to Japan.) | に |
Example: Tokyo _ itta. (I went to/towards Tokyo.) | へ |
Example: Ku-ji _ benkyoshita. (I studied from 9 o'clock.) | から |
Example: San-ji _ benkyoshita. (I studied until 3 o'clock.) | まで |
Example: Bosuton _ benkyoshita. (I studied in Boston.) | で |
Example: Mari _ hon. (Mari's book.) | の |
Example: Sushi _ sashimi を tabeta. (I ate sushi and sashimi.) | と |
Example: Sushi _ sashimi を taberu. (I will eat sushi or sashimi.) | か |
Example: San-ji _ tsuita. (I arrived at 3 o'clock.) | に |
Example: Takushi _itta. (I went there by taxi.) | で |
Jon が Mari _ utatta. (John sang with Mary.) | と |
Foku _ tabeta. (I ate with a fork.) | で |