Question | Answer |
interphase | part of a cell’s life cycle when it is living, growing, and getting ready
to divid |
Cell Cycle | all the stages a cell goes through including phases of growth,
preparation for division, and division |
asexual reproduction | process of creating offspring or daughter cells using DNA from
only one parent, and the resulting offspring or daughter cells are
identical to the parent |
cytokinesis | when copies of cell organelles (except the nucleus) move into new
daughter cells |
mitosis | process division of the nucleus in which the nucleus divides once
to make identical nuclei for each of two identical daughter cells; a
type of asexual reproduction |
chromosome | what DNA is called during mitosis…DNA is wound up and easily
visible |
Daughter Cell | name for cells at the end of the cell division |
offspring | science term for children (relative to their parents) |
fission | type of asexual reproduction when an organism divides into two equal parts (the way bacteria reproduce) |
budding | type of asexual reproduction where a new organsim grows from the body part of the parent organsim (hydra is an example) |
regeneration | type of asexual reproduction where a whole new organism grows
from a piece of another organism (planarian worm is an example) |
diploid | adjective to describe a cell that has a set of matching
chromosomes from each parent (46 chromosomes in a human, 23
from mom and 23 from dad) |
sexual reproduction | process of creating offspring by combining the DNA in gametes
from two parents, and the resulting offspring are different than
either parent. |
gamete | general name for sex cell |
sperm | name for male sex cell |
egg | name for female sex cell |
haploid | adjective to describe a cell that has half the normal number of
chromosomes (one copy of each chromosome – usually a gamete) |
fertilization | process of sperm and egg cell joining |
zygote | the name for fertilized egg before it starts doing mitosis |
meiosis | process division of the nucleus in which the nucleus shuffles DNA
then divides twice to make four unique nuclei, one for each of four
haploid daughter cells called gametes; a type of sexual
reproduction |
crossing over | the “shuffling” of DNA that happens during meiosis |
sex chromosones | the 23rd chromosome pair that makes the difference between
males and females, XX for females, XY for males |