Question | Answer |
formed elements constitute about _____ % of the blood volume | 45 |
functions of blood | transports materials, helps regulate pH of body fluids, helps fight infection |
the 2 leukocytes that are most important in phagocytizing diease organisms and cellular debris | monocytes and neutrophils |
a blood clot that moves from where it formed to plug another vessel | embolism |
Rh+ blood normally has | Rh antigens and NO anti-Rh antibodies |
a person with AB blood has plasma that contains | neither anti-a nor anti-b antibodies |
inherited disorder that prevents normal blood clotting | hemophilia |
most abundant leukocytes | neutrophils |
blood clot is formed of blood cells entangled protein threads | fibrin |
leukocytes that enter body tissues to become macrophages | monocytes |
anemia caused by the inability to absorb vitamin B-12 in sufficient quantities | pernicious anemia |
ABO and Rh blood types are determined by the presence or absence | antigens on erthrocytes |
ions of inorganic compounds in the plasma are commonaly called | eletrolytes |
person w/ type O blood contains | no antigens and anti-a and anti-b antibodies |
erythoblastosis fetalis may occur in | Rh- mother with an Rh+ baby |
disorder in which a clot has formed in an unbroken vein is called | thrombophlebitis |
leukocyte with incospicuous lavender-staining cytoplasmic granules and multiple-lobed nucleus | neutrophil |
leukocytes that move into body tissue to become mast cells that release histamine and heparin in allergic reaction or when tissues are damaged | basophils |
erythrocytes are produced in the | red bone marrow |
formed elementsthat transport oxgen and carbon dioxide are | erythrocytes |
large leukocyte without cytoplasmic grandules and with kidney-shaped nucleus is | monocyte |
leukocyte with red cytoplasmic granules and biobed neucleus is | eosinophil |
hemoglobin | combines with oxygen, gives the red color to blood, consists of a protein an iron-containing pigment |
plasma components that are antibodies | globulins |
disorder characterized by inablility of the blood to carry sufficient oxygen as | anemia |
erythropoetin concentration is regulated by kidney cells that are sensitive to changes in the blood concentration of | oxygen |
most abundant formed element | erythrocytes |
leukocyte with blue cytplasmic granules and a U-shaped nucleus is | basophil |
worn-out and damaged erythrocytes are removed by the | liver and spleen |
leukocytes | help fight disease organisms, may move from capillaries into body tissues, carry carbon dioxide from tissue cells |
leukocytes that play a vital role in immunity | lyphocytes |
albumin, globulins and fibrinogein | plasma proteins |
heart chamber revieving deoxygenated blood from veins (from heart) | left atrium |
antrioventricular valve prevents the flow of blood from | ventricle to an atrium |
blood flow through heart (chambers & valves) | right atrium- tricuspic AV valve-right ventricle-pulmonary similunar valve-pulmonary trunk |
blood returning to right atrium | deoxgenated |
impulse transmission in the heart | SA node-AV node-AV bundle-Purkinje fibers |
left ventricle pumps blood directly into | aorta |
chordea tendieae ancor the cusps off | atrioventriculuar valves |
external jugular vein | face, scalp, neck |
brachial vein | upper arm |
axillary vein | armpit |
renal vein | kidney |
gonadal vein | ovaries or testes |
ulnar vein | hand and forearm |
andterior and posterior tibial vein | foot and lower leg |
hepatic artery | liver |
coronary artery | heart |
subclavian artery | shoulder and arm |
femoral artery | thigh |
carotid artery | head and neck |
popliteal artery | knee |
common iliac artery | pelvic region and leg |
right atrium recieves blood directly from | venea cavea |
fuction of precapillary sphincter is | allow flow of blood when tissues are in need of oxygen |
ballooning of a portion of an artery b/c of a weak spot in its wall is called | aneurysm |
death of part of heart muscle due to obstruction of coronary artery | myocardial infarction |
flow of blood thru vessels | heart-artery-ateriole-capillaries-venule-veins-heart |
veins carrying oxygenated bllood to the heart | pulmonary veins |
type of muscle forming the heart | cardiac muscle tissue |
thickest layer of heart wall | myocardium |
pulmonary circuit carries blood to | lungs only |
inflammation | normal respose, promotes healing |
thoracic duct empties lymph into | left subclavian vein |
clone of B-lyphocytes consist of | both plasma and memory B-cells |
lyphocytes in lymphatic tissues are | differentiated B cells and T cells |
activated B-cell | undergoes rapid cell division to produce a clone of B-cells that can bind only 1 type of antigen |
localized infection may result in the formation of pus which is composed of | dead white blood cells, tissue cells and pathogens |
flow of lymph | valves in lymphatic vessesl prevent a backflow, skeletal muscle contrations & respiratory movements help the flow of lymph |
fever (not too high) | speeds up body's defense processes |
lymphatic tissue that intercept pathogens near the entrance to the pharynx | tonsils |
lysozyme helps to provide protecion against pathogenic | bacteria |
removal of excess interstitial fluid by the lymphatic system | maintains normal blood volume and prevents edema |
thymus gland | in mediastinum above the heart |
the secondary immune response is | faster and more intense than first |
most lymphatic vessels drain into | thoracic duct |
immunity derived from an injection fo antibodies | artificially acquired passive immunity |
blood is filtered and cleansed by | spleen |
reserve supply of blood is stored in | spleen |
HIV impairs immunity by destroying | helper T-cells |
barrier against disease organisms | skin, mucous membranes, flow of tears |
nonself molecules is made by | both B- and T-lymphocytes |
filtration of lymph and production of lymphocytes are fuctions of the | lymph nodes |
nodes at end of nasal cavity | pharyngeal tonsil |
node at back of troat | palatine tonsil |
node at back of tongue | lingual tonsil |
localized infection usually is brought under control by the phagocytic action fo | neutrophils and macrophages |
antibodies are produced by activated | plasma cells |
for a lymphocyte to recongnize an antigen, it is engulfed and presented on the surface of a | macrophage |
lymphatic organs | spleen, thymus, tonsils |
ineffective removal of excess intersitial fluid by the lymphatic system | edema |
B-lymphocytes provide | antibody-mediated immunity |
interferon helps provide protection against pathogenic | viruses |
type of lymphocyte that must bind w/ a presented antigen to start an immune response | helper T-cell |
right lymphatic duct empties lymph into | right subclavian vein |
once pathogen destroyed, immune reaction is curtailed by | suppressor T-cells |
immunity derived from recieviving a vaccine | artificially acquired active immunity |
lymphatic capillaries | closed-ended tubes |
circulating lyphocytes in the blood are | T-lymphocytes |
interstitial fluid enters a lymph capillary by | pressure of accumulated interstitial fluid that forces some fluid b/w capillary cells |
monocytes that enter the tissues become transformed into | macrophages |
once pathogens enter body tissues, the primary cells involved in phagocytosis are | neutrophils and macrophages |
T-lymphocytes differentiated and mature in the | thymus |
type of immuninty that is most effective againste cancer cells, foreign cells & parasites other than baceria & viruses | cell-mediated immunity |
gas exchange in the lungs and body tissues | diffusion |
surface of nasal cavity is increased by | conchae |
carbon dioxide is primarily transported | in bicarbonate ions |
passageway for digestive and respiratory system | pharynx |
movement of air into and out of lungs | pulmonary ventilation |
deoxygenated blood carries | 75% of a maximum oxygen load |
ciliated mucous epithelium lines | nasal cavity, phrynx, larynx,trachea, and bronchi |
primary breathing muscles | diaphragm and external intercostals |
upper respiratory tract includes | nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx |
trachea branches to form 2 air passages | primary bronchi |
trachea and bronchi held open by | cartilaginous rings |
exchange of O2 and CO2 b/w the blood and tissue cells | internal respiration |
serous membrane that covers the surface of a lung | visceral pleura |
gas exchange in the lungs b/w blood in capillaries and air in | alveoli |
breathing is controlled by the respitatory cener located in the | medulla oblongata and pons |
carbon dioxide molecules combine w/ H20 to form carbonic acid within the | erythocytes |
organ with vocal cords | layrnx |
oxygen is pirmarily transported | as oxyhemoglobin in RBC's |
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide b/w air in the lungs and blood in the lungs | external respiration |
air filled cavities in bones surrounding the nasal cavity | paranasal sinuses |