Question | Answer |
Function of Skeletal System | support, protection, lever system, mineral storage, blood cell formation |
Long Bones | found in upper and lower limbs, are longer then they are wide |
Short Bones | as broad as they are long, in wrist and ankle |
Flat Bones | thin flattened shapes, ribs, shoulder blades |
Irregular Bones | dont fit into other 3 categories, vertebrae and facial bones |
Epiphysis | the 2 ends of the bone |
Diaphysisi | the central shaft |
Articular Cartilage | covers ends of bone where bone articulates with other bones |
Epiphyseal plate | where bones are still growing between epiphysis and diaphysis, known as growth plates |
Medullary Cavity | large cavity in the shaft of bones |
Yellow Marrow | fills cavities in bone, contains mostly fat |
Red Marrow | Blood forming cells, only site of blood formation in adults |
Periosteum | dense connective tissus that covers the bone |
Endosteum | thin connective tissue that covers the cavities |
Lamellae | extracellular matrix that bone forms in thin sheets |
Osteocytes | bone cells |
Lacunae | spaces where osteocytes are located |
Compact Bone | solid matrix and cells |
Cancellous Bone | lacy network of bone with small marrow filled spaces |
Central or Haversain Canal | contains blood vessels, lamellae is surrounded by central canal |
Ossification | formation of bone by osteoblasts synthesis of organic matrix |
Foramen | a hole in a bone, usually for blood vessels that have to pass through |
Canal or Mealus | a tunnel like passageway through the bone |
Fossa | a depression in a bone |
Process | a projection from a bone |
Articulations or Joints | a place where 2 bones come together |
Synorthesis | Non Moveable joints |
Amphiarthesis | slightly moveable joints |
Diarthresis | Freely movable joints |
Fibrous joints | consist of 2 bones that are united by fibrous tissue and dont move very well |
Sutures | Fibrous joints between bones of the skull |
Fontanels | wide sutures that newborns have |
Cartilaginous Joints | join 2 bones by cartilage, slight movement |
Fibrocartilage | collagen fibers that reinforce cartilage joints |
Bursa | a pocket or sac when the synovial membrane extends |
Bursitis | abrasion from the inflammation of a bursa |
Saddle Joints | 2 saddle shaped surfaces oriented ant right angles to each other, movement in 2 planes |
Hinge Joints | permit movement in one plane only |
Menisci | shock absorbing fibrocartilage pads |
Pivot Joints | restrict movement to rotation around a single axis |
Ball and Socket Joints | a ball at one end adn a scoket in an adjacent bone allows wide range of movements |
Condyloid Joints | elongated ball and socket joints, restricts movement to 2 planes |
Flexion | bend, moves part of the body in the anterior or ventral direction |
Extension | straighten, moves a part in a posterior or dorsal direction |
Plantar Flextion | movement of the foot toward the planter surface |
Dorsiflextion | movement of the foot toward the shin, when walking on heels |
Abductis | movement away from the midline, bringing legs together |
Pronution | elbow flexed at 90 degree angle, rotation of the forearm so the palm is down |
Eversion | turning foot sothe bottom of foot faces laterally |
Rotation | turning structure around its long axis, shaking head no |
Protraction | movement in which something glides anteriorly, mouth |
Elevation | movement in superior direction closing mouth |
Depression | movement in an inferior direction, mouth opening |
Excursion | movement from one side to the other, moving mandible from side to side |
Opposition | when you make your little finger and thumb touch |
Circumduction | occurs at freely moving joints, shoulder, arm moves so it shapes a cone shape with the shoulder |