Question | Answer |
What does DNA stand for? | Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
What is the job of DNA? | To store the genetic information that is necessary for an organism to live and function. |
What is DNA and RNA? | A nucleic acid. |
What is DNA located on? | The chromosomes. |
What do the nucleotides of DNA consist of? | A five carbon sugar (deoxyribose), a nitrogen base, and a phosphate group. |
What are the segments of DNA that are located on chromosomes that carry information for certain traits called? | Genes. |
What is the shape of DNA? | A double helix. |
How many strands does DNA have? | Two. |
How many types of nitrogen bases does DNA have? | Four. |
What are the names of the nitrogen bases of DNA? | Adenosine, cytosine, guanime, and thymine. |
How do nitrogen bases pair? | A-T
C-G. |
Each three bases on DNA are known as a ____. | Codon. |
What kind of bonds do nitrogen bases on DNA have? | Hydrogen bonds. |
When DNA copies itself it goes through a process known as ___ _____. | DNA Replication. |
In order to replicate the two DNA strands have to ____. | Separate. |
The nitrogen bases on DNA only pair with their ______ bases. | Complementary. |
What does RNA stand for? | Ribonucleic acid. |
What is the job of RNA? | To carry the information to make proteins. |
What are the differences between DNA and RNA? | DNA has two strands and RNA has only one strand; RNA replaces thymine with uracil; and RNA has the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose. |
What are the three main types of RNA? | Messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). |
What is transcription? | The synthesis or making of messenger RNA. |
Where does transcription take place? | Nucleus. |
What is translation? | The decoding of mRNA to make a protein. |
Where does translation take place? | Cytoplasm. |
Proteins are made of long chains of amino acids called ____. | Polypeptides. |