Question | Answer |
Molecule | A group of atoms that is held together by covalent bonds |
Organic molecule | If the bonding occurs between two or more carbon atoms |
Macromolecules | Groups of molecules that are joined together. |
What are the four main macromolecules of life? | Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids, Lipids, and Protein |
What is the ratio of the atoms in carbohydrates? | 1 carbon atom : 2 hydrogen atoms : 1 oxygen atom |
What are simple carbohydrates known as? | Monosaccharides |
What are complex carbohydrates known as? | Polysaccharides |
What are examples of a monosaccharide? | Glucose, fructose, and ribose |
What are examples of a polysaccharide? | Glycogen, starch, and cellulose |
What are monosaccharides and polysaccahrides used for? | Mono- Short term energy storage
Poly- Long term energy storage |
What are Nucleic acids formed from? | Nucleotide monomers |
What are nucleotides? | They are chemical compounds that are primarily comprised of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. |
What are the two main types or nucleic acids? | Ribonucleic acids (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) |
What are the five nitrogen bases found in both nucleic acids? | Adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G) |
What is the difference between RNA and DNA? | RNA has Uracil (U) instead of thymine (T), and is one stranded unlike DNA |
What are lipids? | They are organic macromolecules that are insoluble in water |
What are the most important lipids? | Fats |
What are the two types of fats? | Saturated and unsaturated fats |
What are proteins? | They are organic macromolecules that are composed of amino acid monomers. |
Hormones | Are protein-containing substances that play a role in the regulation of cellular functions |
What are antibodies? | They are substances containing proteins that play a roles i defense |
What do enzymes do? | They help speed up cellular reactions |
What is an active site? | They are part of the enzyme the helps it speed up the reactions. It matches the folds in the substrate's surface, like a key and a lock. |
What are proteins involved in? | Cell signaling, cell transport, immune responses, and the cell cycle |