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Maintain Nutri Stat

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Created by: lost little girl

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Fluid and Electrolytes

Need to know lab values for Nclex

Hints from Exam Cram NCLEX

Commonly used Abbreviations

Anatomy Questions for HESI entrance exam

Cardiovascular Pharmacology

1 A Cardiac Assessment

NCLEX Cram Simplifying Pharmacology

Fluid & Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balance

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(-) roots and meanings end of word

1 A Cardiac Rhythym Strip Analysis

Question	Answer
Water Soluble Vitamins	C & B Complex
C & B Complex Vitamins	Water Soluble
Fat Soluble Vitamins	A, D, E & K
Vitamins A, D, E & K	Fat Soluble
Boosts Immune System Antioxidant Collagen formation Iron absorption	Vitamin C
Citrus fruits Broccoli, green pepper Strawberries Greens	Vit C Sources
Thiamine Riboflavin Niacin B6 Folate Pantothenic Acid Biotin	B Vitamins
Too much can be very harmful - nerve damage	B Complex
Pork, Liver Whole & enriched grains Legumes, green leafy vegetables Bananas, egg yolk	Vit B Sources
Vitamin A	Retinol
Visual acuity Maintenance of skin & mucous membranes	Vitamin A
Liver Carrots Egg yolk Fortified milk Margarine	Vit A Sources
Decreases cause delayed wound healing; softening of bones and teeth; anemia; inc. risk of infection; bleeding gums Increased amt causes kidney stones; abd. Cramps; diarrhea	vitamin C
Functions include carb, prot, & fat metabolism	B Complex
used in RNA and DNA synthesis,& RBC formation and maturation	Folate
deficiency; mental confusion, fatigue; muscle weakness; paralysis; > heart size; heart failure (no known effects from excess)	Thiamine
deficiency; dermatitis, photophobia; reddening of cornea ( No known increased effects)	Riboflavin
deficiency causes dermatitis; diarrhea; dementia; death surplus causes flushing; itching; N/V diarrhea; hypotension; tachycardia	Niacin
found in yeast cantaloupes, spinach, broccoli, bananas is a coenzyme used in CHO, pro & fat metabolism Deficiency causes dermatitis; convulsions; anemia Surplus causes difficulty walking, numbness of feet and hands	B6
important during pregnancy to prevent anemia. Deficiency causes macrocytic anemia, fatigue, weakness. (no known effects of surplus)	Folate
No known deficiency or surplus effects on body	pantothenic acid
No known deficiency or surplus effects on body	biotin
DRI= 1000 micrograms for men, 800 for women.	A
Deficiency night blindness; dry rough skin & mucous membranes; ; dec saliva production; impaired digestion & absorption; inc suscept to infection ( resp, GU, vaginal); impaired bone & teeth development	Vitamin A
Surplus causes anorexia; N/V; abd pain; wt. Loss; irritability; fatigue	Vitamin A
DRI is 7.5 micrograms	D
Decreased in rickets(infants & children); retarded bone growth; malformation of teeth& long bones; muscle twitches/spasms; pain; easy fractures.	Vitamin D
Increases cause calcification of bones, kidney stones; N/V, headache; polyuria;polydipsia; mental & physical growth retardation.	Vitamin D
Calcium & phosphorus metabolism Simulated calcium absorption	Vitamin D
Sunlight Fortified milk Fish liver oils	Vit D Sources
DRI is 15 mg.	E
Deficiency causes inc RBC hemolysis & macrocytic anemia	Viatmin E
Surplus is non toxic but can cause depression, fatigue, diarrhea, blurred vision, headaches, interference with blood clotting; and poor Vit A metabolism.	Viatmin E
Antioxidant Protects vitamin A Promotes heme synthesis (blood)	Viatmin E
Vegetable oils Wheat germ Whole grain products	Vit E Sources
DRI is 2 grams.	K
Synthesis of certain proteins necessary for blood clotting	Vitamin K
Deficiency causes hemorrhagic disorders (of newborn); delayed clotting times – May bee R/t impaired synthesis or absorption.	Vitamin K
Excess causes hemolytic anemia, & liver damage from synthetic Vit K.	Vitamin K
Dark, green leafy vegetables Synthesized in intestines from gut bacteria	Vit K Sources
Organic elements found in all body fluids and tissues; are bound to organic compounds	Minerals
calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium	Macrominerals
iron, zinc, manganese, and iodine	Microminerals
Bone & teeth formation Blood clotting Nerve transmission Muscle contraction	Calcium
RDI=1000mg, 1200mg after menopause	Ca
Deficiency: osteoporosis; tetany; muscle cramps	Calcium
Excess: N/V, anorexia, abd. Pain, polydipsia; polyuria; coma & death if untreated	Calcium
Milk & dairy products Canned fish with bones Greens	Calcium Sources
Bone & teeth formation Acid-base balance Energy metabolism	Phosphorus
Deficiency: anorexia; weakness; hyperventilation Excess: hypocalcemia symptoms ; tetany	Phosphorus
Milk & milk products Soft drinks Processed foods	Phosphorus Sources
Deficiency: increased neuromuscular problems; CNS irritability; decreased muscle control; tremors;disorientation; tetany; convulsions. Excess causes: CNS depression; coma; hypotension	Magnesium
Bone and teeth formation Protein synthesis Carbohydrate metabolism	Magnesium
Green leafy vegetables Nuts Beans Grains	Magnesium Sources
Extracellular fluid ion Fluid balance Acid-base balance	Sodium
Deficiency: poor skin turgor; confusion; irritability; hypotension; tachycardia; tremors;convulsions Excess: Inc. weight; hot, flushed, dry skin; Inc. intense thirst; agitation; oliguria; anuria.	Sodium
Salt Processed foods	Sodium Sources
Intracellular fluid ion Fluid balance Acid base balance	Potassium
Deficiency: muscle cramps; weakness; cardiac weakness; anorexia; N/V; confusion; shallow respirations; irregular pulse	Potassium
Excess causes: irritability; anxiety; listlessness; mental confusion; poor respirations; inc. GI activity; hypotension; cardiac arrhythmia	Potassium
Whole grains Fruits Leafy green vegetables	Potassium Sources
Component of HCL in stomach acid Fluid balance Acid-base balance	Chlorine
Deficiency= muscle spasms; depressed respirations; coma Excess causes acidosis	Chlorine
Salt	Chlorine Source
Oxygen transport via hemoglobin	Iron
Deficiency: microcytic anemia; pallor;fatigue;weakness; spoon shaped nails. Excess: iron poisoning; GI cramping; N/V; shock; convulsions; coma	Iron
Liver Lean meats Enriched& whole grain breads Cereals	Iron Sources
Component of thyroid hormones	Iodine
Deficiency : goiter Excess: acne-like skin lesions; iodine goiter	Iodine
Iodized salt Seafood Food additives	Iodine Sources
Tissue growth Sexual maturation Immune response	Zinc
Deficiency: impaired growth; skin lesions Excess: anorexia; N/V; diarrhea; muscle pain; lethargy	Zinc
Oysters Liver Meats Dried peas Beans nuts	Zinc Sources
Two-thirds of body water is contained within the _____ (ICF)	cells
Remainder of body water is ECF, _________ (plasma, interstitial fluid)	body fluids
Digestion Absorption Metabolism Storage Elimination	Process of Nutrition
RDA	Recommended Dietary Allowances
RDA revised every ___ yrs.	five
Decreased hemoglobin & hematocrit (H/H)=	anemia
Decreased albumin =	malnutrition; prolonged malabsorption
Decreased transferrin=	anemia; protein deficiency
Decreased total lymphocyte count=	impaired nutritional intake; sever debilitating disease
Decreased creatinine=	reduction in total muscle mass
Increased creatinine=	dehydration
Increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)=	starvation, high protein intake, severe dehydration