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Maintain Nutri Stat
Test II, N101
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Water Soluble Vitamins | C & B Complex |
| C & B Complex Vitamins | Water Soluble |
| Fat Soluble Vitamins | A, D, E & K |
| Vitamins A, D, E & K | Fat Soluble |
| Boosts Immune System Antioxidant Collagen formation Iron absorption | Vitamin C |
| Citrus fruits Broccoli, green pepper Strawberries Greens | Vit C Sources |
| Thiamine Riboflavin Niacin B6 Folate Pantothenic Acid Biotin | B Vitamins |
| Too much can be very harmful - nerve damage | B Complex |
| Pork, Liver Whole & enriched grains Legumes, green leafy vegetables Bananas, egg yolk | Vit B Sources |
| Vitamin A | Retinol |
| Visual acuity Maintenance of skin & mucous membranes | Vitamin A |
| Liver Carrots Egg yolk Fortified milk Margarine | Vit A Sources |
| Decreases cause delayed wound healing; softening of bones and teeth; anemia; inc. risk of infection; bleeding gums Increased amt causes kidney stones; abd. Cramps; diarrhea | vitamin C |
| Functions include carb, prot, & fat metabolism | B Complex |
| used in RNA and DNA synthesis,& RBC formation and maturation | Folate |
| deficiency; mental confusion, fatigue; muscle weakness; paralysis; > heart size; heart failure (no known effects from excess) | Thiamine |
| deficiency; dermatitis, photophobia; reddening of cornea ( No known increased effects) | Riboflavin |
| deficiency causes dermatitis; diarrhea; dementia; death surplus causes flushing; itching; N/V diarrhea; hypotension; tachycardia | Niacin |
| found in yeast cantaloupes, spinach, broccoli, bananas is a coenzyme used in CHO, pro & fat metabolism Deficiency causes dermatitis; convulsions; anemia Surplus causes difficulty walking, numbness of feet and hands | B6 |
| important during pregnancy to prevent anemia. Deficiency causes macrocytic anemia, fatigue, weakness. (no known effects of surplus) | Folate |
| No known deficiency or surplus effects on body | pantothenic acid |
| No known deficiency or surplus effects on body | biotin |
| DRI= 1000 micrograms for men, 800 for women. | A |
| Deficiency night blindness; dry rough skin & mucous membranes; ; dec saliva production; impaired digestion & absorption; inc suscept to infection ( resp, GU, vaginal); impaired bone & teeth development | Vitamin A |
| Surplus causes anorexia; N/V; abd pain; wt. Loss; irritability; fatigue | Vitamin A |
| DRI is 7.5 micrograms | D |
| Decreased in rickets(infants & children); retarded bone growth; malformation of teeth& long bones; muscle twitches/spasms; pain; easy fractures. | Vitamin D |
| Increases cause calcification of bones, kidney stones; N/V, headache; polyuria;polydipsia; mental & physical growth retardation. | Vitamin D |
| Calcium & phosphorus metabolism Simulated calcium absorption | Vitamin D |
| Sunlight Fortified milk Fish liver oils | Vit D Sources |
| DRI is 15 mg. | E |
| Deficiency causes inc RBC hemolysis & macrocytic anemia | Viatmin E |
| Surplus is non toxic but can cause depression, fatigue, diarrhea, blurred vision, headaches, interference with blood clotting; and poor Vit A metabolism. | Viatmin E |
| Antioxidant Protects vitamin A Promotes heme synthesis (blood) | Viatmin E |
| Vegetable oils Wheat germ Whole grain products | Vit E Sources |
| DRI is 2 grams. | K |
| Synthesis of certain proteins necessary for blood clotting | Vitamin K |
| Deficiency causes hemorrhagic disorders (of newborn); delayed clotting times – May bee R/t impaired synthesis or absorption. | Vitamin K |
| Excess causes hemolytic anemia, & liver damage from synthetic Vit K. | Vitamin K |
| Dark, green leafy vegetables Synthesized in intestines from gut bacteria | Vit K Sources |
| Organic elements found in all body fluids and tissues; are bound to organic compounds | Minerals |
| calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium | Macrominerals |
| iron, zinc, manganese, and iodine | Microminerals |
| Bone & teeth formation Blood clotting Nerve transmission Muscle contraction | Calcium |
| RDI=1000mg, 1200mg after menopause | Ca |
| Deficiency: osteoporosis; tetany; muscle cramps | Calcium |
| Excess: N/V, anorexia, abd. Pain, polydipsia; polyuria; coma & death if untreated | Calcium |
| Milk & dairy products Canned fish with bones Greens | Calcium Sources |
| Bone & teeth formation Acid-base balance Energy metabolism | Phosphorus |
| Deficiency: anorexia; weakness; hyperventilation Excess: hypocalcemia symptoms ; tetany | Phosphorus |
| Milk & milk products Soft drinks Processed foods | Phosphorus Sources |
| Deficiency: increased neuromuscular problems; CNS irritability; decreased muscle control; tremors;disorientation; tetany; convulsions. Excess causes: CNS depression; coma; hypotension | Magnesium |
| Bone and teeth formation Protein synthesis Carbohydrate metabolism | Magnesium |
| Green leafy vegetables Nuts Beans Grains | Magnesium Sources |
| Extracellular fluid ion Fluid balance Acid-base balance | Sodium |
| Deficiency: poor skin turgor; confusion; irritability; hypotension; tachycardia; tremors;convulsions Excess: Inc. weight; hot, flushed, dry skin; Inc. intense thirst; agitation; oliguria; anuria. | Sodium |
| Salt Processed foods | Sodium Sources |
| Intracellular fluid ion Fluid balance Acid base balance | Potassium |
| Deficiency: muscle cramps; weakness; cardiac weakness; anorexia; N/V; confusion; shallow respirations; irregular pulse | Potassium |
| Excess causes: irritability; anxiety; listlessness; mental confusion; poor respirations; inc. GI activity; hypotension; cardiac arrhythmia | Potassium |
| Whole grains Fruits Leafy green vegetables | Potassium Sources |
| Component of HCL in stomach acid Fluid balance Acid-base balance | Chlorine |
| Deficiency= muscle spasms; depressed respirations; coma Excess causes acidosis | Chlorine |
| Salt | Chlorine Source |
| Oxygen transport via hemoglobin | Iron |
| Deficiency: microcytic anemia; pallor;fatigue;weakness; spoon shaped nails. Excess: iron poisoning; GI cramping; N/V; shock; convulsions; coma | Iron |
| Liver Lean meats Enriched& whole grain breads Cereals | Iron Sources |
| Component of thyroid hormones | Iodine |
| Deficiency : goiter Excess: acne-like skin lesions; iodine goiter | Iodine |
| Iodized salt Seafood Food additives | Iodine Sources |
| Tissue growth Sexual maturation Immune response | Zinc |
| Deficiency: impaired growth; skin lesions Excess: anorexia; N/V; diarrhea; muscle pain; lethargy | Zinc |
| Oysters Liver Meats Dried peas Beans nuts | Zinc Sources |
| Two-thirds of body water is contained within the _____ (ICF) | cells |
| Remainder of body water is ECF, _________ (plasma, interstitial fluid) | body fluids |
| Digestion Absorption Metabolism Storage Elimination | Process of Nutrition |
| RDA | Recommended Dietary Allowances |
| RDA revised every ___ yrs. | five |
| Decreased hemoglobin & hematocrit (H/H)= | anemia |
| Decreased albumin = | malnutrition; prolonged malabsorption |
| Decreased transferrin= | anemia; protein deficiency |
| Decreased total lymphocyte count= | impaired nutritional intake; sever debilitating disease |
| Decreased creatinine= | reduction in total muscle mass |
| Increased creatinine= | dehydration |
| Increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)= | starvation, high protein intake, severe dehydration |
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lost little girl
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