Question | Answer |
Anatomy | the study of structures of living things |
Physiology | deals with functions of living things; purpose of structures and how they accomplish that purpose |
Structure Dictates Function | 1. Learn Anatomy
2. Understand Physiology |
Homeostasis | the ability of living things to maintain a relatively stable internal environment
examples: temperature, blood pressure, pH, blood sugar, oxygen levels |
Sensor | monitor & check for changes |
Control Center | Knows "normal range," decides if something needs to be done |
Nerves & Hormones | communication system in our body |
Effector | structures in the body that can produce a change that will allow us to stay in the normal range |
"Negative Feedback" | feedback that reverses a trend so that we keep something in the normal range |
Chemical | proteins, minerals, vitamins, water, oxygen |
Organelle | structures found inside of cells; all have a specific function that they perform for the cell |
Cellular | smallest unit of life in the body- ALL living things contain cells; basic unit of life in ALL living things |
Tissue | organized group of cells that work together to perform a function |
4 categories of tissues in our bodies | muscle, nervous, epithelial & connective |
Organ | made up of different tissues working together to perform a function |
Organ System | a group of organs working together to perform a function |
Organism | a group of organ systems working together to perform a function |
Dorsal Cavity | towards the back; contains central nervous system |
Cranial Cavity | contains the brain |
Vertebral Cavity | contains the spinal cord |
Ventral Cavity | clavicle to pubic bone; towards the front (on the lung side) |
Thoracic Cavity | contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea & thymus |
Pleural Cavities | pleural fluid & lungs |
Mediastinum | contains the heart, esophagus, trachea & thymus |
Pericardial Cavity | contains the heart and pericardial fluid |
Abdominopelvic Cavity | contains the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity |
Abdominal Cavity | contains the liver, spleen, stomach, gall bladder, intestines, pancreas, kidneys (slightly separated), peritoneal fluid (not around kidneys |
Pelvic Cavity | contains the bladder; F-uterus & ovaries; M-prostate gland |
Oral Cavity | contains the mouth, tongue & teeth |
Nasal Cavity | behind the nose; air filter; contains the smell receptors |
Orbital Cavity | eye sockets |
Middle Ear | just past the eardrum, contains the smallest bones in our body - the hearing bones |
Body Membranes | thin sheets of tissues found on surfaces |
Visceral | outer surface of an organ |
Parietal | inner surface of the cavity |
Visceral Pleura | outer surface of the lung |
Parietal Pleura | inner surface of pleural cavity |
Visceral Pericardium | outer layer of the heart |
Parietal Pericardium | sac around the heart |
Visceral Peritoneum | outer layer connecting the liver, stomach, gall bladder, spleen, intestines & pancreas |
Parietal Peritoneum | inner surface of the abdominal cavity |
Mucous | a fluid that is found inside our body that covers & coats all surfaces that open to the outside, except the ear canal; protective barrier |
Serous | thin watery fluid found in spaces inside of our body that do NOT open to the outside |
Pleural Fluid | found outside the lungs between the visceral pleura & the parietal pleura |
Pericardial Fluid | fluid found around the heart between the heart and the parietal pericardium |
Anatomical Position | standing erect with nose, toes, and eyes forward, with palms up |
Superior | above |
Inferior | below |
Anterior (ventral) | in front of; towards the front; lung side |
Posterior (dorsal) | behind; in back of; spine side |
Medial | towards the midline; close to the center |
Lateral | towards the sides |
Proximal | close to the connection point of the trunk of the body; also can mean near to something |
Distal | away from the connection point of the trunk of the body |
Superficial | closer to the surface of the body |
Deep | closer to the cord of the body |
Saggital | any cut that gives us a right and left piece |
Midsaggital (median) | cut that fives us and equal right and left piece |
Transverse | and cut that gives us a top and bottom piece |
Frontal (coronal) | any cut that gives us a front and a back piece (anterior and posterior) |
Cross section | tube shaped structure cut directly across |
longitudinal section | tube shaped structure cut along the length |
oblique | tube shaped structure diagonal cut |