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Intro. to A&P
Intro. p. 1-8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | the study of structures of living things |
| Physiology | deals with functions of living things; purpose of structures and how they accomplish that purpose |
| Structure Dictates Function | 1. Learn Anatomy 2. Understand Physiology |
| Homeostasis | the ability of living things to maintain a relatively stable internal environment examples: temperature, blood pressure, pH, blood sugar, oxygen levels |
| Sensor | monitor & check for changes |
| Control Center | Knows "normal range," decides if something needs to be done |
| Nerves & Hormones | communication system in our body |
| Effector | structures in the body that can produce a change that will allow us to stay in the normal range |
| "Negative Feedback" | feedback that reverses a trend so that we keep something in the normal range |
| Chemical | proteins, minerals, vitamins, water, oxygen |
| Organelle | structures found inside of cells; all have a specific function that they perform for the cell |
| Cellular | smallest unit of life in the body- ALL living things contain cells; basic unit of life in ALL living things |
| Tissue | organized group of cells that work together to perform a function |
| 4 categories of tissues in our bodies | muscle, nervous, epithelial & connective |
| Organ | made up of different tissues working together to perform a function |
| Organ System | a group of organs working together to perform a function |
| Organism | a group of organ systems working together to perform a function |
| Dorsal Cavity | towards the back; contains central nervous system |
| Cranial Cavity | contains the brain |
| Vertebral Cavity | contains the spinal cord |
| Ventral Cavity | clavicle to pubic bone; towards the front (on the lung side) |
| Thoracic Cavity | contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea & thymus |
| Pleural Cavities | pleural fluid & lungs |
| Mediastinum | contains the heart, esophagus, trachea & thymus |
| Pericardial Cavity | contains the heart and pericardial fluid |
| Abdominopelvic Cavity | contains the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity |
| Abdominal Cavity | contains the liver, spleen, stomach, gall bladder, intestines, pancreas, kidneys (slightly separated), peritoneal fluid (not around kidneys |
| Pelvic Cavity | contains the bladder; F-uterus & ovaries; M-prostate gland |
| Oral Cavity | contains the mouth, tongue & teeth |
| Nasal Cavity | behind the nose; air filter; contains the smell receptors |
| Orbital Cavity | eye sockets |
| Middle Ear | just past the eardrum, contains the smallest bones in our body - the hearing bones |
| Body Membranes | thin sheets of tissues found on surfaces |
| Visceral | outer surface of an organ |
| Parietal | inner surface of the cavity |
| Visceral Pleura | outer surface of the lung |
| Parietal Pleura | inner surface of pleural cavity |
| Visceral Pericardium | outer layer of the heart |
| Parietal Pericardium | sac around the heart |
| Visceral Peritoneum | outer layer connecting the liver, stomach, gall bladder, spleen, intestines & pancreas |
| Parietal Peritoneum | inner surface of the abdominal cavity |
| Mucous | a fluid that is found inside our body that covers & coats all surfaces that open to the outside, except the ear canal; protective barrier |
| Serous | thin watery fluid found in spaces inside of our body that do NOT open to the outside |
| Pleural Fluid | found outside the lungs between the visceral pleura & the parietal pleura |
| Pericardial Fluid | fluid found around the heart between the heart and the parietal pericardium |
| Anatomical Position | standing erect with nose, toes, and eyes forward, with palms up |
| Superior | above |
| Inferior | below |
| Anterior (ventral) | in front of; towards the front; lung side |
| Posterior (dorsal) | behind; in back of; spine side |
| Medial | towards the midline; close to the center |
| Lateral | towards the sides |
| Proximal | close to the connection point of the trunk of the body; also can mean near to something |
| Distal | away from the connection point of the trunk of the body |
| Superficial | closer to the surface of the body |
| Deep | closer to the cord of the body |
| Saggital | any cut that gives us a right and left piece |
| Midsaggital (median) | cut that fives us and equal right and left piece |
| Transverse | and cut that gives us a top and bottom piece |
| Frontal (coronal) | any cut that gives us a front and a back piece (anterior and posterior) |
| Cross section | tube shaped structure cut directly across |
| longitudinal section | tube shaped structure cut along the length |
| oblique | tube shaped structure diagonal cut |
Created by:
bco
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