Question | Answer |
Chromosomes: | -A strand of DNA found in the nucleus that contains the instructions for making proteins.
-Chromosomes become X-shaped before cells divide.
Anology: Cookbook full of reciepes. |
How many chromosomes do humans have? | 23 pairs (46 total) |
All cells have... | a complete set of chromosomes but only uses the instructions needed for its particular needs. |
Genes: | a segment of DNA that carries instructions that result in the production of proteins.
ANOLOGY:Specific Reciepe |
DNA: | - molecule that contains the genetic information of cells.
-base pairs read by cells to make product=PROTEINS.
-Analogy: Language-info communicated. |
genitics: | the science of gene function and inheritance |
Karyotype: | an image of all the chromosomes in one nucleus that have been matched up into their respective pairs and arranged from the largest pair to the smallest pair. |
3 features used to match up chromosomes: | -length of chromosomes(longest-shortest)
-pattern of dark bands when they are stained
-posisition of centromere(chromosomes constricted part), which plays a role during cell division. |
centromere | the region on a replicated chromosome tha attaches the 2 identicle copies during cell division. |
Role of Protein: Enzyme | speed up chemical reactions where molecules are broken apart or put together. |
Role of Protein:Structural | structural support and frameworks are created to attach to other proteins. |
Role of Protein:Transport | materials are moved within the cell or body. |
Role of Protein:hormone | acts as signals to co-ordinate and regulate activities in the body. |
Role of Protein:contractile | change shape and can create larger movements when they work together. |
Role of Protein:Defensive | protect body against disease |
Role of Protein: Energy | serve as a source of chemical potential energy that can be released by its decomposistion. |
Amniocentesis: | a prenatal test done to look at the karyotype of an unborn child. |
autosomal cells: | a cell of the body not involved in sexual reproduction. |
homologous chromosomes: | a pair of chromosomes that would be matched during karyotyping because they have the same lengthh,centromere posistion and staining pattern. |
replicate: | to produce an exact copy of a DNA strand. |
daughter cells: | the 2 identical cells produced during mitosis. |
mitosis: | the division of an autosomal cell into 2 identicle daughter cells. |
diploid cells: | cells with pairs of homologous chromosomes |
asexual reproduction: | the production of genitically indenticle offspring from one individual. |
gamete: | sex cell, such as a sperm and egg, produced during meiosis with only one copy of each chromosome type. |
meiosis: | a 2 stage form of cell division that produces gametes with only half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. |
haploid cell: | a cell that has only one member from each pair of homologous chromosomes. |
selective breeding: | choosing individuals with useful characteristics to produce a more desirable plant or animal stock. |