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2.1 Genitics
Science 30 Bio Unit chapter 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chromosomes: | -A strand of DNA found in the nucleus that contains the instructions for making proteins. -Chromosomes become X-shaped before cells divide. Anology: Cookbook full of reciepes. |
| How many chromosomes do humans have? | 23 pairs (46 total) |
| All cells have... | a complete set of chromosomes but only uses the instructions needed for its particular needs. |
| Genes: | a segment of DNA that carries instructions that result in the production of proteins. ANOLOGY:Specific Reciepe |
| DNA: | - molecule that contains the genetic information of cells. -base pairs read by cells to make product=PROTEINS. -Analogy: Language-info communicated. |
| genitics: | the science of gene function and inheritance |
| Karyotype: | an image of all the chromosomes in one nucleus that have been matched up into their respective pairs and arranged from the largest pair to the smallest pair. |
| 3 features used to match up chromosomes: | -length of chromosomes(longest-shortest) -pattern of dark bands when they are stained -posisition of centromere(chromosomes constricted part), which plays a role during cell division. |
| centromere | the region on a replicated chromosome tha attaches the 2 identicle copies during cell division. |
| Role of Protein: Enzyme | speed up chemical reactions where molecules are broken apart or put together. |
| Role of Protein:Structural | structural support and frameworks are created to attach to other proteins. |
| Role of Protein:Transport | materials are moved within the cell or body. |
| Role of Protein:hormone | acts as signals to co-ordinate and regulate activities in the body. |
| Role of Protein:contractile | change shape and can create larger movements when they work together. |
| Role of Protein:Defensive | protect body against disease |
| Role of Protein: Energy | serve as a source of chemical potential energy that can be released by its decomposistion. |
| Amniocentesis: | a prenatal test done to look at the karyotype of an unborn child. |
| autosomal cells: | a cell of the body not involved in sexual reproduction. |
| homologous chromosomes: | a pair of chromosomes that would be matched during karyotyping because they have the same lengthh,centromere posistion and staining pattern. |
| replicate: | to produce an exact copy of a DNA strand. |
| daughter cells: | the 2 identical cells produced during mitosis. |
| mitosis: | the division of an autosomal cell into 2 identicle daughter cells. |
| diploid cells: | cells with pairs of homologous chromosomes |
| asexual reproduction: | the production of genitically indenticle offspring from one individual. |
| gamete: | sex cell, such as a sperm and egg, produced during meiosis with only one copy of each chromosome type. |
| meiosis: | a 2 stage form of cell division that produces gametes with only half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. |
| haploid cell: | a cell that has only one member from each pair of homologous chromosomes. |
| selective breeding: | choosing individuals with useful characteristics to produce a more desirable plant or animal stock. |
Created by:
Skyerene
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