Question | Answer |
analgesic | a drug that relieves pain by reducing perception of pain |
antiinflammatory | a drug that reduces swelling, redness, and pain that promotes healing |
antiseptic | a substance that slows or stops growth of microorganisms on surfaces such as skin |
antitussive | a drug that can decrease the coughing reflex of the central nervous system |
expectorant | chemical that causes the removal of mucous secretions from the respiratory system;loosens and things sputtum and bronchial secretions for ease of expectoration |
prophylaxis | tx given before an event to prevent the event from happened |
tylenol's generic name | acetaminophen |
tylenol (class) | antipyretic/analgesic |
motrin, advil(generic) | ibuprofen |
motrin, advil (class) | NSAID |
benadryl (generic) | diphenhydramine |
benadryl (class) | histamine blocker, sedative, antihistamine |
pepcid AC (generic) | famotidine |
pepcid AC (class) | H2 antagonist |
metamucial (generic) | psyllium |
metamucil (class) | fiber |
imodium a-d (generic) | loperamide |
imodium A-D (class) | antidiarrheal |
dulcolax (generic) | bisacodyl |
dulcolax (class) | laxative |
what OTC items are limited to buy because they can be misused for illegal street drugs? | pseudoephedrine, ephedrine, and phenylpropanolamine |
purity | represents the lack of contamination from enviromenttal factors of the chemical (drug) contained in the product |
Potency | refers to the strength of the drug, measured in grams, milligrams, or micrograms. |
bioavailability | precentage of a drug that is absorbed and transported to the site of action |
efficacy | ability of the drug to produce the desired chemical change in the body, tested by placebo effect |
safety and toxicity | number of adverse or undesirable effects from clinical trials |
before a drug is considered safe... | the potential for adverse effects must be compared with the benefits |
what is a monograph? | information about a drug that includes descriptive info about clinical trails, all side effects , appropriate dosing, reported interactions |
who is in charge of recalls? | FDA |
What is reye's syndrome? | a rare condition that can affect children and teenagers who have an active case of chickenpox or influenza |
What do analgesic and antipyretic agents do? | help reduce or relieve pain (analgesic) and fever(antipyretic) |
What can be used for an overdose of aspirin? | activated charcoal, decreases the absorption of the drug |
Why should teenagers and children avoid taking aspirin for chickenpox or flu symptoms? | aapirin has been associated with reye's syndrome |
What do decongestants and antihistamines do? | they dry out mucous membranes and open airways |
what is an antihistamine? | agent used with allergic symptoms, blocks histamine (h1) that causes allergic reactions. common side effect is drowsiness |
what are decongestants used for? | stuffiness and congestion of the nasal passages,allows release of mucus |
what is the most common sleep aid in hospitals? | diphenhydramine |
what are antitussive agents used for? | dry, nonphlegm-producing coughs |
what is helicobater pylori? what does it cause? | a bacterium that causes the symptoms of heartburn. chronic pain in the stomach resulting in an ulcer |
What do histamine2 (H2) antagonists do? | decrease acid secretion (heartburn) |
What drugs are used for inflammation/pain? | ibuprofen (motrin,advil) naproxen (aleve) ketoprofen (orudis KT) |
what is psyllium used for? | constipation and diarrhea |
psyllium (generic) | metamucial |
simethicone (brand) | Gas-X |
skin type 1 : | burnes easily/ rarely tans, suggested minimum coverage is 20 to 30 SPF |
skin type 3: | burns moderately/ tans gradually, 8 to 12 SPF |
skin type 6: | never burns/ deeply pigmented, no spf coverage needed |
benoxoyl peroxide is used for: | drying out of pimples or sores, available OTC |
what prescription antibiotics are prescribed for acne? | tetracycline, erythromycin, and clindamycin |
contagious,skin irritation, disappears on their own within 6 months | warts |
whast are gential warts caughed by? | human papillomavirus |
virus that causes sores and welts around the mouth or vaginal area | herpes simplex |
what is the treatment for herpes simplex? | antiviral |
Genetic skin condition that cannot be cured and may last a lifetime | psoriasis |
how are skins burns ranged? | first degree, being the least severe, third degree being the most severe |
what is anxiety? | feelings of apprehension, dread, and fear with characteristics including tension, restlessness, tachycardia, dyspnea and a sense of hopelessness |
what is bipolar disorder? | depressive psychosis, alternating betweent excessive phases of mania and depression |
what is insomnia? | difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep |
what is mania? | form of psychosis characterized by excessive excitement, elevated mood, and exalted feelings |
what is schizophrenia? | a group of mental disorders characterized by inappropriate emotions and unrealistic thinking |
abilify (generic name) | aripiprazole |
prolixin (g) | fluphenazine |
risperdal (g) | risperidone |
seroquel (g) | quetiapine |
zyprexa (g) | olanzapine |
cymbalta (g) | duloxetine |
effexor (g) | venlafaxine |
paxil (g) | paroxetine |
prozac (g) | fluoxetine |
zoloft (g) | sertraline |
ativan (g) | lorazepam |
librium | chlordiazepoxide |
serax (g) | oxazepam |
valium (g) | diazepam |
xanax | (alprazolam) |
who can write prescriptions for human emotions? | psychiatrists |
thiothixene (B) | Nacane |
amitriptyline (B) | Elavil |
Tricyclic Antidepressants | amitriptyline, doxepin, imipramine |
imipramine (b) | Tofranil |
MAOI (Monoamine Oxidase inhibitors) | tranylcypromine (Parnate), phenelzine (Nardil) |
SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) | citalopram (Celexa) , paroxetine (Paxil) |
bupropion (Wellbutrin) (I) | tx of depression and smoking cessastion |
what do sedative and hypnotic agents affect? | CNS (central nervous system) |
affect CNS to a higher degree than sedatives, cause sleepiness | Hypnotics |
what is the main ingredient in OTC sedative and hypnotic agents? | diphenhydramine (Benadryl) |
how are barbiturate differentiated? | the time it takes for them to work, short- to long-acting |
diazepam (B) | Valium |
lorazepam (b) | Ativan |
oxazepam (b) | Serax |
busipirone (b) | BuSpar |
amino acids | macromolecules that make up proteins |
atom | the smallest unit of an element |
electron | the smallest subset of an atom that contains a negative charge |
ion | an atom or a group of atoms with a leftover unbalanced charge |
neutron | a subset of an atom that does not contain a charge |
proton | a subatomic particle of an atom that holds a positive charge |
what are atoms made up of? | proton , electron and neutrons |
what are enzymes? | proteins that regulate speed of reactions, can speed up or inhibit reactions |
hyperalimentation | nutritional supplements by intraveneous methods |
what is contained in a hyperalimentation? | electrolyte, vitamin, and mineral replacement |
Mg | magnesium |
Mn | Manganese |
P | phosphorus |
what is the normal pH of blood? | 7.4 |
what happens in cardiac arrests and what is used to treat it? | happens when body is unable to keep blood pH at 7.4 and becomes acidic. sodium bicarbonate is tx |