Question | Answer |
Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space. |
Element | a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. |
Atom | the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of that element. |
Molecule | a group of atoms that are held together by the chemical forces; a molecule is the smallest unit of matter that can exist by itself and retain all of a substance's chemical properties. |
Compound | a substance made up of 2 or more different elements joined by chemical bonds. |
Pure substance | a sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties. |
Mixture | a combination of 2 or more substances that are not chemically combined. |
Homogeneous Mixture | Components are evenly are distributed are evenly distributed. |
Heterogeneous Mixture | substances are not evenly distributed. |
Melting point | the temperature and pressure at which a solid becomes a liquid. |
Freezing Point | the temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid. |
Boiling Point | the temperature and pressure at which a liquid becomes a gas. |
Density | the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance. |
Reactivity | the capacity of a substance to combine chemically with another substance. |
Chemical Property | describes how a substance changes into a new substance, either by combining with other elements or by breaking a part into new substances. |
Physical Property | characteristics that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. |
Chemical Change | a change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties. |
Physical Change | a change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties. |
Fluid | a non-solid state of matter in which the atoms or molecules are free to move past each other, as in a gas or liquid. |
Plasma | a state of matter that consists of free-moving ions and electrons. |
Energy | the capacity to do work. |
Temperature | a measure of how hot or old something is; specifically a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object. |
Thermal Energy | the total kinetic energy of a substance's atoms. |
Kinetic Energy | the energy an object has due to motion. |
Potential Energy | the energy an object has because of its position, its pressure, and
The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position relative to others, stresses within itself, electric charge, and other factors |
Compressed | reduced in volume by pressure; Be squeezed or pressed together or into a smaller space; pressed tightly together |
Kinetic Theory of Matter | the theory that all matter is made up of a large number of small particles (atoms or molecules), all of which are in constant, random motion. ... |
Evaporation | the change of state from a liquid to a gas. |
Condensation | the change of state from a gas to a liquid. |
Boiling | Heat (a liquid) to the temperature at which it bubbles and turns to vapor |
Vaporization | transition from either a solid or liquid to a gas. Examples of this are evaporation, boiling, and sublimation. |
Solidification | the process in which a liquid turns into a solid when cold or dry enough; which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its freezing point. (Also known as freezing) |
Sublimation | the process in which a solid changes directly into a gas. |
deposition | the process in which material is laid down. |
Melting | the process in which a solid becomes a liquid when its temperature is below its melting point. |
freezing | A form of solidification where a liquid becomes a solid when its temperature is below its freezing point. |
Law of conservation of mass | mass cannot be created or destroyed. |
Law of conservation of energy | energy cannot be created or destroyed. |
Pressure | the amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface. |
Pascal | the SI unit of pressure; equal to the force of 1N exerted over an area of 1m^2 (Symbol PA) |
Buoyant Force | the upward force that keeps an object immersed in or floating on a fluid. |
Viscosity | the resistance of a gas or liquid to flow. |
Archimedes' Principle | the buoyant force on an object in a fluid is an upward force equal to the weight of the fluid that the object displaces. |
Pascal's Principle | A change in pressure at any point in an enclosed fluid will be transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid. |
Hydraulic Device | Uses liquids to transmit pressure from one point to another. |
Bernoulli's Principle | States that as the speed of a moving fluid increases, the pressure of the moving fluid decreases. |
Gas Laws | the laws that state the mathematical relationships between the volume, temperature, pressure, and quantity of gas. |
Charles'Law | for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas increases as the gas's temperature increases. Likewise, the volume of the gas decreases as the gas's temperature decreases. |
Boyle's Law | For a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of a gas increases as the gas's pressure decreases. Likewise, the volume of a gas decreases as the gas's pressure increases. |
Gay-Lussac's Law | the pressure of a gas increases as the temperature increases, if the volume of the gas does not change. The pressure decreases as the temperature decreases. |