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Unit2 Definitions
Unit 2 definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space. |
| Element | a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. |
| Atom | the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of that element. |
| Molecule | a group of atoms that are held together by the chemical forces; a molecule is the smallest unit of matter that can exist by itself and retain all of a substance's chemical properties. |
| Compound | a substance made up of 2 or more different elements joined by chemical bonds. |
| Pure substance | a sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties. |
| Mixture | a combination of 2 or more substances that are not chemically combined. |
| Homogeneous Mixture | Components are evenly are distributed are evenly distributed. |
| Heterogeneous Mixture | substances are not evenly distributed. |
| Melting point | the temperature and pressure at which a solid becomes a liquid. |
| Freezing Point | the temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid. |
| Boiling Point | the temperature and pressure at which a liquid becomes a gas. |
| Density | the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance. |
| Reactivity | the capacity of a substance to combine chemically with another substance. |
| Chemical Property | describes how a substance changes into a new substance, either by combining with other elements or by breaking a part into new substances. |
| Physical Property | characteristics that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. |
| Chemical Change | a change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties. |
| Physical Change | a change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties. |
| Fluid | a non-solid state of matter in which the atoms or molecules are free to move past each other, as in a gas or liquid. |
| Plasma | a state of matter that consists of free-moving ions and electrons. |
| Energy | the capacity to do work. |
| Temperature | a measure of how hot or old something is; specifically a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object. |
| Thermal Energy | the total kinetic energy of a substance's atoms. |
| Kinetic Energy | the energy an object has due to motion. |
| Potential Energy | the energy an object has because of its position, its pressure, and The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position relative to others, stresses within itself, electric charge, and other factors |
| Compressed | reduced in volume by pressure; Be squeezed or pressed together or into a smaller space; pressed tightly together |
| Kinetic Theory of Matter | the theory that all matter is made up of a large number of small particles (atoms or molecules), all of which are in constant, random motion. ... |
| Evaporation | the change of state from a liquid to a gas. |
| Condensation | the change of state from a gas to a liquid. |
| Boiling | Heat (a liquid) to the temperature at which it bubbles and turns to vapor |
| Vaporization | transition from either a solid or liquid to a gas. Examples of this are evaporation, boiling, and sublimation. |
| Solidification | the process in which a liquid turns into a solid when cold or dry enough; which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its freezing point. (Also known as freezing) |
| Sublimation | the process in which a solid changes directly into a gas. |
| deposition | the process in which material is laid down. |
| Melting | the process in which a solid becomes a liquid when its temperature is below its melting point. |
| freezing | A form of solidification where a liquid becomes a solid when its temperature is below its freezing point. |
| Law of conservation of mass | mass cannot be created or destroyed. |
| Law of conservation of energy | energy cannot be created or destroyed. |
| Pressure | the amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface. |
| Pascal | the SI unit of pressure; equal to the force of 1N exerted over an area of 1m^2 (Symbol PA) |
| Buoyant Force | the upward force that keeps an object immersed in or floating on a fluid. |
| Viscosity | the resistance of a gas or liquid to flow. |
| Archimedes' Principle | the buoyant force on an object in a fluid is an upward force equal to the weight of the fluid that the object displaces. |
| Pascal's Principle | A change in pressure at any point in an enclosed fluid will be transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid. |
| Hydraulic Device | Uses liquids to transmit pressure from one point to another. |
| Bernoulli's Principle | States that as the speed of a moving fluid increases, the pressure of the moving fluid decreases. |
| Gas Laws | the laws that state the mathematical relationships between the volume, temperature, pressure, and quantity of gas. |
| Charles'Law | for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas increases as the gas's temperature increases. Likewise, the volume of the gas decreases as the gas's temperature decreases. |
| Boyle's Law | For a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of a gas increases as the gas's pressure decreases. Likewise, the volume of a gas decreases as the gas's pressure increases. |
| Gay-Lussac's Law | the pressure of a gas increases as the temperature increases, if the volume of the gas does not change. The pressure decreases as the temperature decreases. |
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