Question | Answer |
What does the holistic model of health focus on? | Life style and personal choice |
Carbs should provide how much of daily kcal intake? | 45%-65% |
What is the body's main storage form of carbs? | glycogen |
What is the body's secondary source of heat and energy? | Fats |
What is the primary function of proteins? | tissue building |
What scientific system of nutritional standards is used in the United States? | Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) |
What new component/s of the My Pyramid food guidance system was/were added in 2005? | physical activity, vertically banded food groups, discretionary calories |
What percentage of the population does the estimated average requirement of a nutrient cover? | 50% |
Which mineral is necessary for the production of hemoglobin? | iron |
What is a possible sign of malnutrition? | obesity |
Plants convert solar energy into carbs in which of the following processes? | photosynthesis |
What is the abbreviation for carbs that is typically used in medication charts, representing the three elements that make up a carb? | CHO |
Which polysaccharide is stored in the liver and muscles of animals and is broken down into smaller glucose units when needed for energy? | glycogen |
Which of the following is a member of the disaccharide class of carbs?
a)glucose b)sucrose c)glycogen d)starch | sucrose |
The acids that are produced from fat breakdown when there is insufficient amount of carb intake are called? | ketones |
Which of the following foods has the highest amount of insoluble fiber in a typical serving?
a)oatmeal c)peach c)rice | peach |
Carbs provide how much energy per gram? | 4 kcals/g |
What enzyme helps break down carbs in the duodenum during digestion? | pancreatic amylase |
Of the following ethnic group, which one is the most likely to suffer from some degree of lactose intolerance?
a)english b)swedish c)hispanic | Hispanic |
Based on the most recent DRIs, carbs should make up what percent of an adults daily caloric intake? | 45-65% |
Fats are.. | either liquid or solid |
What is the name for three fatty acids and a glycogen backbone? | triglycerides |
A ployunsaturated fat is defined as a fatty acid | that has two or more unfilled spaces of hydrogen |
Linolenic acis is also known as | omega 3 fatty acid |
How much energy does fat provide when used by the body? | 9 kcals/g |
Which of the following is a major source of monosaturated fat in the diet?
a)dairy products b)poultry c)veg oils d)eggs | veg oil |
According to the FDA, which of the following must be provided about fats on a food label? | amount of trans-fatty acids |
The recommended amount of saturated fat in a person's diet should not exceed which percentage of daily calories? | 10% |
What does the gallbladder release into the small intestine to aid in fat digestion? | bile |
An excessive amount of fat in the diet can increase the risk for.. | cancer |
All proteins are made up of building units that are known as | amino acids |
Which of the following amino acids is an indispensable amino acid?
a)phenylamine b)serine c)cysteine d)asparagus | phenylamine |
When refering to amino acids, what does the term "conditionally indispensable" mean? | they are indispensable under certain conditions such as illness or stress but cannot be normally synthesized by the body |
The process in which amino acids are make into proteins is called? | anabolism |
Protein provides the main source of which element in the diet? | hydrogen |
What is the primary function of protein in the body? | Builds and repairs damaged tissue |
A protein food that carries all nine of the indispensable amino acids in a quantity necessary to meet the body's need is a | complete protein |
A vegetarian who eats a combination of plant foods and dairy foods, such as cheese and milk is considered which type of vegetarian? | lacto-vegetarian |
What activates pepsinogen to pepsin in the stomach? | hydrochloric acid |
Of the following people, who would have the highest protein requirements? | a 6 month old infant |
The process by which nutrients are taken into the vascular and lymphatic system is... | transport |
Which substance is responsible for breaking down food in the digestion process? | enzymes |
The primary function of mucus in the digestion process is to | protect the tissue of the GI tract |
One of the common causes of heartburn is... | improper function of the gastroesophogeal sphincter |
Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down fats during digestion? | pancreatic lipase |
Bioavailibility is best defined as | how well the body can absorb a nutrient |
An absorption process in which particles move outward in all directions from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration is known as | simple diffusion |
Which of the following type of substance are transported via the lymphatic substance | fat molecules |
The process in which large substance are broken down to form small particles in cells is called | metabolism |
If the following substances were present in the body at the same time, which would be metabolized first? | carbohydrates |
Which of the following is an example of voluntary body work?
a)swimming b)respiration c)digestion d) circulation | Swimming |
Which nutrient is the body's primary source of fuel? | Carbs |
What is the fuel density of fat? | 9 kcals/g |
Which nutrient has the highest caloric density? | fat |
How many calories make up a KCAL> | 1000 calories |
Where does the energy that our body needs come from? | stored fat |
Which source of stored energy that our bodies need come from? | glycogen |
Which factor has the greatest effect on basal metabolic rate? | lean muscle mass |
Which of the following condition decreases the BMR? | hypothyroidism |
What is the most variable component of total energy expenditure for any given person? | physical activity |
Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) is the.. | daily intake that meets the health needs of almost all individuals in a specific group |
What are the two metric measures used for vitamins in the US? | mg, mcg |
Enzymes and coenzymes control specific chemical reactions by acting as | necessary catalyst |
What important discovery did Dr. Frederich Hopkins make? | accessory factors present in natural foods are essential for life |
Fat-soluble vitamins are dependent upon dietary fat for | absorption and transport |
The basic function of vitamin K is | blood clotting process |
Cobalamin is the chemical name for which vitamin? | B12 |
A phytochemical is a | plant compound |
Biochemical individuality means | the body's chemical composition is different for everyone |
Of the 54 known elements in the periodic table, how many are essential to human life? | 25 |
Which of the following is a major mineral?
a)fluoride b)chloride c)iron d)zinc | Chloride |
The presence of which of the following can bind minerals in the GI tract and inhibit or limit mineral absorption?
a)phytochemicals b)Vit A and C c) nuts d)fiber, phylates, oxalates | fiber, phylates, oxalates |
Which of the following is a trace mineral?
a)fluoride b)chloride c)sodium d)sulfer | Fluoride |
Approx what percent of the normal adult body weight is calcium? | 1-2% |
Which mineral is one of the most plentiful in the body? | sodium |
What is today's most prevalent nutritional problem? | iron deficiency anemia |
Zinc interacts with which of the following in the pancreas? | insulin |
Which hormone regulates the uptake of iodine from the blood? | thyroid-stimulating hormone |
Minerals are classified according to their.. | relative amounts in the body |
The state of dynamic equilibrium in the body is called... | homeostasis |
How many milliliters of water our needed for every 1000 KCALS in the diet? | 1000ml |
Water comprises how much of an infants total body weight? | 70%-75% |
Which organ excretes the largest amount of body water? | kidneys |
What two solute particles primary influence water balance? | Electrolytes and plasma proteins |
The process of diffusion is when solute particles move from.. | an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration |
Which digestive secretions is produced in the greatest volume during a 24 hour period? | intestinal secretions |
Where in the body is aldosterone secreted? | adrenal glands |
a pH of 7.4 is considered... | alkaline |
Which organs primary control acid base balance? | lungs and kidneys |
The leading cause of unintended weight loss in the elderly is what? | depression |
What factors have an affect on the appetite in the elderly? | decrease in taste, smell, and vision |
What is the fastest growing population group in the US? | Hispanic-American |
Which age group is characterized by independency, forming new relationships, and significant personal growth? | young adult |
Which age sub division of older adukt is considered elderly? | 75--84 years old |
Which group of adults is contributing to the productive work force and redefining what it means to be a senior? | young old adult |
Menopause can result in | an increase in body fat |
A major contributing factor to loss of skeletal muscle mass is... | lack of exercise |
The primary nutrition problem of the older adults is... | lack of sufficient nutrients |
The basic fuel necessary to supply energy needs in the older adult is primary... | carbs |
The health of a community depends on which of the following factors? | the safety of available foods and the water supply |
The phrase "percent daily value" on a food product label can be used to determine... | the overall value of a specific nutrient |
Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever and other flu like symptoms are symptoms of.... | food-borne illness |
What is the most important food sanitation factor when purchasing food? | the buying and storing of food |
Food label regulation are the responsibility of the... | FDA |
Flavoring agents are one example of... | food additives |
WIC stands for... | women, infant and children |
What often prevents the consumer from obtaining adequate food supplies? | poverty |
What usually results in food borne illness? | the presence of various organisms |
Which environmental food contaminant is found mostly in older homes and rental houses? | Lead |
In Judaism, what food is kosher to eat? | sheep |
According to Muslim beliefs about seafood, one can | eat all fish |
"Halal" in Islam is the same in the Jewish practice of | kosher |
During Ramadan, fasting is mandated for... | everyone |
One concern about the changes in the contemporary Native American Diet is... | eating high fat and high salt snacks |
Cajun foods.... | are spicy and include a lot of seafood |
What food is not commonly used in Asian cooking? | Cheese |
Name a reason why many African Americans dont use dairy in their diet? | Many are lactose intolerant |
Acculturation refers to... | changes in dietary intake, lifestyle, and disease risk to match those of a new country |
Snacking... | is acceptable if it fits with the daily meal plan |