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nutrition hondros
midterm review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the holistic model of health focus on? | Life style and personal choice |
| Carbs should provide how much of daily kcal intake? | 45%-65% |
| What is the body's main storage form of carbs? | glycogen |
| What is the body's secondary source of heat and energy? | Fats |
| What is the primary function of proteins? | tissue building |
| What scientific system of nutritional standards is used in the United States? | Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) |
| What new component/s of the My Pyramid food guidance system was/were added in 2005? | physical activity, vertically banded food groups, discretionary calories |
| What percentage of the population does the estimated average requirement of a nutrient cover? | 50% |
| Which mineral is necessary for the production of hemoglobin? | iron |
| What is a possible sign of malnutrition? | obesity |
| Plants convert solar energy into carbs in which of the following processes? | photosynthesis |
| What is the abbreviation for carbs that is typically used in medication charts, representing the three elements that make up a carb? | CHO |
| Which polysaccharide is stored in the liver and muscles of animals and is broken down into smaller glucose units when needed for energy? | glycogen |
| Which of the following is a member of the disaccharide class of carbs? a)glucose b)sucrose c)glycogen d)starch | sucrose |
| The acids that are produced from fat breakdown when there is insufficient amount of carb intake are called? | ketones |
| Which of the following foods has the highest amount of insoluble fiber in a typical serving? a)oatmeal c)peach c)rice | peach |
| Carbs provide how much energy per gram? | 4 kcals/g |
| What enzyme helps break down carbs in the duodenum during digestion? | pancreatic amylase |
| Of the following ethnic group, which one is the most likely to suffer from some degree of lactose intolerance? a)english b)swedish c)hispanic | Hispanic |
| Based on the most recent DRIs, carbs should make up what percent of an adults daily caloric intake? | 45-65% |
| Fats are.. | either liquid or solid |
| What is the name for three fatty acids and a glycogen backbone? | triglycerides |
| A ployunsaturated fat is defined as a fatty acid | that has two or more unfilled spaces of hydrogen |
| Linolenic acis is also known as | omega 3 fatty acid |
| How much energy does fat provide when used by the body? | 9 kcals/g |
| Which of the following is a major source of monosaturated fat in the diet? a)dairy products b)poultry c)veg oils d)eggs | veg oil |
| According to the FDA, which of the following must be provided about fats on a food label? | amount of trans-fatty acids |
| The recommended amount of saturated fat in a person's diet should not exceed which percentage of daily calories? | 10% |
| What does the gallbladder release into the small intestine to aid in fat digestion? | bile |
| An excessive amount of fat in the diet can increase the risk for.. | cancer |
| All proteins are made up of building units that are known as | amino acids |
| Which of the following amino acids is an indispensable amino acid? a)phenylamine b)serine c)cysteine d)asparagus | phenylamine |
| When refering to amino acids, what does the term "conditionally indispensable" mean? | they are indispensable under certain conditions such as illness or stress but cannot be normally synthesized by the body |
| The process in which amino acids are make into proteins is called? | anabolism |
| Protein provides the main source of which element in the diet? | hydrogen |
| What is the primary function of protein in the body? | Builds and repairs damaged tissue |
| A protein food that carries all nine of the indispensable amino acids in a quantity necessary to meet the body's need is a | complete protein |
| A vegetarian who eats a combination of plant foods and dairy foods, such as cheese and milk is considered which type of vegetarian? | lacto-vegetarian |
| What activates pepsinogen to pepsin in the stomach? | hydrochloric acid |
| Of the following people, who would have the highest protein requirements? | a 6 month old infant |
| The process by which nutrients are taken into the vascular and lymphatic system is... | transport |
| Which substance is responsible for breaking down food in the digestion process? | enzymes |
| The primary function of mucus in the digestion process is to | protect the tissue of the GI tract |
| One of the common causes of heartburn is... | improper function of the gastroesophogeal sphincter |
| Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down fats during digestion? | pancreatic lipase |
| Bioavailibility is best defined as | how well the body can absorb a nutrient |
| An absorption process in which particles move outward in all directions from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration is known as | simple diffusion |
| Which of the following type of substance are transported via the lymphatic substance | fat molecules |
| The process in which large substance are broken down to form small particles in cells is called | metabolism |
| If the following substances were present in the body at the same time, which would be metabolized first? | carbohydrates |
| Which of the following is an example of voluntary body work? a)swimming b)respiration c)digestion d) circulation | Swimming |
| Which nutrient is the body's primary source of fuel? | Carbs |
| What is the fuel density of fat? | 9 kcals/g |
| Which nutrient has the highest caloric density? | fat |
| How many calories make up a KCAL> | 1000 calories |
| Where does the energy that our body needs come from? | stored fat |
| Which source of stored energy that our bodies need come from? | glycogen |
| Which factor has the greatest effect on basal metabolic rate? | lean muscle mass |
| Which of the following condition decreases the BMR? | hypothyroidism |
| What is the most variable component of total energy expenditure for any given person? | physical activity |
| Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) is the.. | daily intake that meets the health needs of almost all individuals in a specific group |
| What are the two metric measures used for vitamins in the US? | mg, mcg |
| Enzymes and coenzymes control specific chemical reactions by acting as | necessary catalyst |
| What important discovery did Dr. Frederich Hopkins make? | accessory factors present in natural foods are essential for life |
| Fat-soluble vitamins are dependent upon dietary fat for | absorption and transport |
| The basic function of vitamin K is | blood clotting process |
| Cobalamin is the chemical name for which vitamin? | B12 |
| A phytochemical is a | plant compound |
| Biochemical individuality means | the body's chemical composition is different for everyone |
| Of the 54 known elements in the periodic table, how many are essential to human life? | 25 |
| Which of the following is a major mineral? a)fluoride b)chloride c)iron d)zinc | Chloride |
| The presence of which of the following can bind minerals in the GI tract and inhibit or limit mineral absorption? a)phytochemicals b)Vit A and C c) nuts d)fiber, phylates, oxalates | fiber, phylates, oxalates |
| Which of the following is a trace mineral? a)fluoride b)chloride c)sodium d)sulfer | Fluoride |
| Approx what percent of the normal adult body weight is calcium? | 1-2% |
| Which mineral is one of the most plentiful in the body? | sodium |
| What is today's most prevalent nutritional problem? | iron deficiency anemia |
| Zinc interacts with which of the following in the pancreas? | insulin |
| Which hormone regulates the uptake of iodine from the blood? | thyroid-stimulating hormone |
| Minerals are classified according to their.. | relative amounts in the body |
| The state of dynamic equilibrium in the body is called... | homeostasis |
| How many milliliters of water our needed for every 1000 KCALS in the diet? | 1000ml |
| Water comprises how much of an infants total body weight? | 70%-75% |
| Which organ excretes the largest amount of body water? | kidneys |
| What two solute particles primary influence water balance? | Electrolytes and plasma proteins |
| The process of diffusion is when solute particles move from.. | an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration |
| Which digestive secretions is produced in the greatest volume during a 24 hour period? | intestinal secretions |
| Where in the body is aldosterone secreted? | adrenal glands |
| a pH of 7.4 is considered... | alkaline |
| Which organs primary control acid base balance? | lungs and kidneys |
| The leading cause of unintended weight loss in the elderly is what? | depression |
| What factors have an affect on the appetite in the elderly? | decrease in taste, smell, and vision |
| What is the fastest growing population group in the US? | Hispanic-American |
| Which age group is characterized by independency, forming new relationships, and significant personal growth? | young adult |
| Which age sub division of older adukt is considered elderly? | 75--84 years old |
| Which group of adults is contributing to the productive work force and redefining what it means to be a senior? | young old adult |
| Menopause can result in | an increase in body fat |
| A major contributing factor to loss of skeletal muscle mass is... | lack of exercise |
| The primary nutrition problem of the older adults is... | lack of sufficient nutrients |
| The basic fuel necessary to supply energy needs in the older adult is primary... | carbs |
| The health of a community depends on which of the following factors? | the safety of available foods and the water supply |
| The phrase "percent daily value" on a food product label can be used to determine... | the overall value of a specific nutrient |
| Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever and other flu like symptoms are symptoms of.... | food-borne illness |
| What is the most important food sanitation factor when purchasing food? | the buying and storing of food |
| Food label regulation are the responsibility of the... | FDA |
| Flavoring agents are one example of... | food additives |
| WIC stands for... | women, infant and children |
| What often prevents the consumer from obtaining adequate food supplies? | poverty |
| What usually results in food borne illness? | the presence of various organisms |
| Which environmental food contaminant is found mostly in older homes and rental houses? | Lead |
| In Judaism, what food is kosher to eat? | sheep |
| According to Muslim beliefs about seafood, one can | eat all fish |
| "Halal" in Islam is the same in the Jewish practice of | kosher |
| During Ramadan, fasting is mandated for... | everyone |
| One concern about the changes in the contemporary Native American Diet is... | eating high fat and high salt snacks |
| Cajun foods.... | are spicy and include a lot of seafood |
| What food is not commonly used in Asian cooking? | Cheese |
| Name a reason why many African Americans dont use dairy in their diet? | Many are lactose intolerant |
| Acculturation refers to... | changes in dietary intake, lifestyle, and disease risk to match those of a new country |
| Snacking... | is acceptable if it fits with the daily meal plan |
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