Question | Answer |
What is blood pressure? | A force exerted by moving blood onto the walls of blood vessels |
What is MAP? | Mean Arteriole Pressure |
How can you calculate someone’s resting MAP? | MAP = 1/3 SBP + 2/3 DBP |
Exercise MAP? | MAP = 1/2 SBP + 1/2 DBP |
What is SVR? | Systemic Vascular Resistance(aka Total Parietal Resistance) |
What is Stroke Volume? | Volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per heart beat (55ml – 110 ml) |
How does the flow of blood relate to MAP and the radius of the major blood vessel feeding it? | Blood Flow ≈ [MAP] x Radius^4 |
What is the relationship between MAP and HR, SV, and SVR? | MAP = HR x SV x SVR |
A healthy subject’s MAP is the same while standing up and while lying supine. Why? | Thoracic blood vloume is lower in supine. Stroke Volume is higher in supine. Heart Rate is lower in supine. The changes balance eachother out. |
What is the relationship between environmental temperature, HR, and MAP? | MAP is lower in hotter conditions. Heart rate is higher in hotter conditions. |
What does vasodilation do to SVR? | Decreases SVR, Decreases MAP |
What does vasoconstriction do to SVR? | Increases SVR, Increases MAP |
What is a function of the anterior naris? | opening into the nasal cavity |
What is a function of the cribriform plate? | Separates the nasal cavity from the brain |
What is a function of the hard and soft palate? | Separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity |
What is a function of the vestibule? | Lined with skin and numerous hair follicles which act as an air filter |
What is a function of the 3 three turbinates (superior, middle, and inferior)? | Increase air turbulence which heat and filters the air |
What is a function of the 3 Meati (superior, middle, and inferior)? | Passageways for air through the turbinates |
What is a function of the epiglottis? | During swallowing, the larynx elevates and the epiglottis folds down to cover it so food does not get lodged |
What is a function of the false and true vocal cords? | Allows for talking; |
What is a function of the thyroid cartilage? | The shield-shaped cartilage of the larynx. |
What is a function of the cricoid cartilage? | a ringlike cartilage forming the lower and back part of the larynx |
What is a function of the trachea? | Acts as an air passageway, mucus in it moistens the air |
What is a function of the right and left bronchus? | allows air to travel to the lungs |
What is a function of the bronchioles? | allows air to travel to the separate aveloar sacs |
What is a function of the lungs? | organ where gas exchange can occur in the body |
What advantage is there in increasing air turbulence inside the nasal cavity? | Heats the air (lots of blood flow). Filtration. |
What structure(s) are responsible for this? | three turbinates (superior, middle, and inferior) |
Why can you not swallow and inspire air simultaneously? | Epiglottis covers the larynx when swallowing |
What structure is responsible for this phenomenon? | epiglottis |
What would be major consequences if the epiglottis was dysfunctional? | Food and other particles would be able to freely pass down into the bronchus causing cessation of breathing |
What happens to the diameter of your thoracic cavity during inspiration? | Increases |
What happens to the diameter of your thoracic cavity during expiration? | Decreases |
What are 2 skeletal muscle (s) that aid in normal inspiration? | Diaphragm and External intercostal |
Describe 2 reasons why normal expiration considered a passive process. | diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax, intrathoracic air pressure is greater than atmospheric air pressure, molecules move from high to low pressure |
What are 2 skeletal muscles that aid in forced expiration? | Abdominal and Internal Intercostal |
Why should you not expect to see glucose, ketones, and proteins in your urine? | Because they should be reabsorbed back into the blood stream |