Question | Answer |
largest group of human bacterial pathogens | gram-negative bacteria |
pathogenic gram-negative cocci | neisseria |
regularly causes diseases; nonmotile, aerobic bacteria, oxidase positive | neisseria |
adhere to genital, urinary, and digestive tract; painful urination & pus-filled discharge (men); asymptomatic & pelvic inflammatory disease (women) | neisseria gonorrhoeae |
normal microbiota of upper respiratory tract; transmitted in close contact; cause death within 6 hrs of symptoms | neirsseria meningitidis |
most common gram-negative pathogens; coliform vs non-coliform; opportunists & true pathogens | Enterobacteriaceae |
outer membrane, type III secretion system, capsular antigen, flagellar | antigens of typical enteric bacteria |
fimbria, exotoxin, adhesion, plasmid, iron-binding protein, hemolysin | virulence factors of typical enteric bacteria |
found in soil & plants; colonize intestinal tracts of animals and humans | coliform opportunistic enterobacteriaceae |
most common & important of the coliforms; virulent strains=virulent plasmids; common cause of non-nosocomial urinary tract infections | Escherichia coli |
capsule protects bacteria from phagocytosis, causes pneumonia | Klebsiella |
produce red pigment; grows on catheters & hospital supplies; can cause life-threatening opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients; difficult treat due to resistance to antimicrobial dugs | Serratia |
most commonly associated with human disease: produces urease, UTI/catheters, infection-induced kidney stones, resistant to many antimicrobial drugs | Proteus (mirabilis) |
always pathogenic; secrete proteins that inhibit phagocytosis, rearrange the cytoskeletons of eukaryotic cells, or induce apoptosis | pathogenic enterobacteriaceae |
gram(-), motile bacilli, fecal-oral route, causes salmonellosis, peritonitis, & typhoid fever; fluid & electrolyte replacement | Salmonella |
gram(-), nonmotile, diarrhea-inducing enterotoxin, 4 well-defined species: S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, S. sonnei | Shigella |
normal pathogen of animals, gram(-), facultatively anaerobic bacilli | Yershinia |
causes inflammation of intestinal tract | Y. enterocolitica |
similar to y. enterocolitica but less severe | Y. pseudotuberculosis |
causes bubonic and pneumonic plague; antibacterial drugs are effective | Y. pestis |
normal; humans infected by animal bites/inhalation of aerosols;antibacterial drugs are effective | Pasteurellaceae |
capsules resist phagocytosis,can be sexually transmitted | (Pasteurellaceae) Haemophilus |
small, nonmotile, aerobic coccobacilli; illness characterized by fluctuating fever; contact with contaminated dairy products/animal parts | Brucella (brucellosis) |
small, aerobic, nonmotile coccobacillus; pertussis, adhesins & toxins mdeiate disease; bacteria inhaled in aerosols/multiply in epithelial cells | Bordetella |
ubiquitous in soil/decaying matter, opportunistic pathogens | Pseudomonads |
only an opportunistic pathogen, can colonize any organ/system, difficult b/c of drug resistance | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
universal inhabitants of water, intracellular parasites, elimination of bacteria not feasible | (Pseudomonads) Legionella |
normal microbiota of intestinal/upper respiratory tracts; abdominal infections, genital infections, wound infections of skin | Bacteroides |