Question | Answer |
T/F: The bacteria that causes pneumonia has a spiral shape morphology. | False |
Which of these is not a symtptom of pneumonia? shortness of breath, dicolored sputum, polyuria, or abdominal pains | polyuria |
Which of these people is more likely to be infected of pneumonia? a 24 yr old woman with healthy diet, a teenager living in Hawaii, an infant in SW US, or elderly/terminally ill person | an elderly or terminally ill person |
T/F: Typhoid Fever is MOST common in the United States. | False |
Typhoid Fever could be______. completely asymptomatic, contracted by comsuming shellfish from polluted water, gram-negative enteric bacillus, or all of the above | all of the above |
How is S. typhi identified or diagnosed? | through Gram Stain |
T/F: the type of organism that causes candidiasis is a fungus/yeast. | True |
Which of these is NOT a symptom of a vaginal yeast infection? itching, white/gray discharge, burning urination, swelling of joints | swelling of joints |
Who is more likely a susceptible candidate for a vaginal yeast infection? pregnant women, women with lukemia, women with diabetes, all of the above | all of the above |
T/F: Most HIV positive people are susceptible host. | True |
All of the following are true about Cryptococcus neoformans except: found in soil, more common in women that men, has ability to grow in 37 degrees Celcius, can cause shortness of breath | It is more common in women that men |
Cryptococcus neoform is: contagious, found in humans and birds, associated with bird droppings, deadly | associated with bird droppings |
T/F: Cysticercosis is very common in the United States. | False |
All the following are true about Cysticercosis except: may obstruct intestines, may cause blindness, may cause seizures, highly contagious, all of the above are true | highly contagious |
Taenia solium is classified as a(n): virus, bacterium, helminthes, algea, fungi | Helminthes |
T/F: The pinworm is more common in adults than children | False |
Female pinworm have: pointed/curved/rounded posterior ends. | pointed posterior ends |
What is the best way to prevent pinworms? get rid of your children, oral vitamins, good hygeine and hand washing | good hygeine and hand washing |
T/F: Cryptosporidiosis is an intestinal illness. | True |
All of the following are true about Cryptosporidiosis except: diagnose in stool samples, no consistently effective treatment, diarrheal disease, lives in Esophagus of infected host | Crypto lives in the Esophagus of the infected human or animal |
Cryptosporidiosis is: parasitic disease, intestinal infection, characterized by severe watery diarrhea, all of the above | all of the above |
T/F: Giardia lamblia has two forms, a cyst and a trophozoite. | True |
The group with the highest rate for infection of Giardia is: | Children ages 1-2 who are not toilet trained |
Giardia lamblia is categorized as a: | Protozoa |
T/F: Poliomyelitis may or may not lead to flaccid paralysis. | True |
Poliomyelitis is a(n): | Enterovirus |
The primary route of transmission of poliomyelitis is: | fecal-oral route |
T/F: Smallpox is more common in winter | True |
Which of the following is not a symptom of smallpox: fever, rash, chills, hair loss | hair loss |
What are the routes of entry of smallpox | respiratory |
no nucleus, lack membrane bound organelles, unicellular organism, average size is 1;2 micrometers, asexual/binary fission, have cell walls made out of peptidoglycan; most are chemoheterotrophic/ few pathogenic | prokaryotic cells |
Cell walls of Eukaryotic cells do not contain | peptidoglycan |
Organelles are only found in | Eukaryotic cells |
contains chromosomes/ number depends on organism | nucleus |
transport network | ER |
membrane formation and secretion | golgi complex |
digestive enzymes | lysosome |
brings food into cells and provides support | vacuoles |
cellular respiration | mitochondrion |
photosynthesis | chloroplast2 |
oxidation of fatty acids; destroys H2O | peroxisome |
divides the agar plate into four quadrants and streaks mixed broth into each quadrant so that individual colonies can form | isolation technique |
This test is used in a clinical setting to help find out the sensitivity of organism to medicine and th effects it willhave on the patient | Kirby Bauer test/culture and sensitivity test |
consist of partially acid-hydrolyzed beef protein, called peptone; nonselective medium | nutrient agar/broth |
allows growth of Gram positive bacteria | PEA- phenylethyl alcohol agar |
allows growth of Gram negative bacteria | DEA-desoxycholate lactose agar |
used in isolation technique | TSA-triptic soy agar |
this is when an inoculum (a small number of bacteria from an original sample) is introduced into or on a sterile medium | inoculate |
a group of bacteria growing on a single spot on solid media that arose from a single bacterial cell | colony |
grown onto another growth medium to provide sufficient quantity of pure culture for identification | sub-culture |
technique used for isolating different bacterial species from a mixed culture | streak plate |
used for identification and testing of bacteria after growing from a streak plate | pure culture |
The treatment of disease by the use of chemical substances | chemotherapy |
compound used to treat infectious disease | antimicrobial drugs |
antimicrobial agent that is produced naturally by an organism | antibiotic |
any drug that destroys bacteria or inhibits their growth | antibacterial drugs |
drugs that destroy fungus or inhibits their growth | antifungal |
Bible of bacteriology; a systemic approach of identifying prokaryotes | Bergey's Manual |
What are the parameters/test to classify bacteria? | gram stain, O2 requirement, morphology, and biochemical test |
the 4 divisions used to classify prokaryotes | Div I- gram neg; Div II- gram pos; Div III- mycoplasma (no gram stain); Div IV- Archaebacteria (no gram stain) |
What kingdom are procaryotic organisms classified? | Monera |
What domain are procaryotic organisms classified? | Bacteria and Archae |
bacteria with gram negative cell walls; facultative and anearobic rods; includes E. coli, Salmonella (typhoid fever), Enterobacter, and Yersinia (plague) | Bacteria Family Enterobacteriaceae |
Bacteria with gram positive cell walls; common disease causing in humans,Cocci in clusters;includes Staphylococcus (causes boils/skin infections) | Bacteria Family Micrococcaceae |
Bacteria with gram positive cell walls; common disease causing in humans,Cocci in pairs; includes Steptococcus (cause strep throat) | Bacteria Family Streptococcaceae |
Bacteria with gram positive cell walls; non spore forming rods; common disease causing in humans; gram stains poorly; includes Mycobacterium (TB/leprosy) | Bacteria Family Mycobacteriaceae |
Bacteria with no cell walls; includes Mycoplasma (pnemonia); Ureaplasma (urinary infection) | Bacteria Family Mycoplamataceae |
Bacteria with gram negative cell wall; transmitted by vector; includes Rickettsia (Rocky Mountain spotten fever), and Coxiella (Q fever) | Bacteria Family Rickettsiaceae |
Bacteria with gram negative cell wall; transmitted by direct contact; includes: Chlamydia (Sexually transmitted infection) | Bacteria Family Chlamydiceae |
associated with extreme environments, unique cell walls, unique internal structure, has been found in hot springs and high salt areas | Archae Bacteria |
the study of fungi | mycology |
cell wall made out of sugar type (manose/manin) | Fungi |
Is domain fungi Aerobic or facultative anaerobic (both), chemoheterotrophic or not, a decomposer or not? | both, chemoheterotrophic, decomposer |
need to perform energy and carbon source | Chemoheterotrophic |
what are the nutritional adaptation of fungi? (7) | grown in PH5, almost all are aerobic, most yeast are facultative anaerobes, can grow in sugary/salty environment, grow in low moisture, require less nitrogen than bacteria, can metabolize lignin |
Fungal disease of outer epidermic | superficial, yeast feeds on high oil content |
fungal disease of epidermis, hair and dermis | ringworm |
fungal disease of mucous membranes | affect skin, nails (yeast infection) |
fungal disease of systemic mycoses | deep within body organs/tissue |
fungal disease of opportunistic mycoses | caused by fungi that are normally found in host |
Pathogenic dimorphic fungi are ____ at 37 degrees Celcius and ____ at 25 degrees Celcius | yeast like, moldlike |
multicellular organism with distinct morphology; aerobic (fungi) | molds |
unicellular fungi-facultative anaerobic | yeast |
What are the economic effects of fungi? | antibiotic production, cheese/wine/beer and bread making |
symbiotic relationship with soil formation; mutualistic combination of an alga and fungus | Lichens |
Kingdom Protista Domain Eukarya | Algae |
unicellular, filamentous or multicellular; most are photoautotrophs | Algae |
What type of algae is multicellular,harvested for algin, used as thickner in industry and for iodine? | Brown algea |
used for thickner in yogurt/icecream, multicellular, and harvested for agar and carrageenan | red algea |
unicellular or multicellular, gives rise to plants | Green algae |
snowflake looking, unicellular, store oil, fossilized diatoms formed in oil (fossil fuels) | Diatoms algae |
unicellular, some are symboints in marine animals, neurotoxins cause paralytic shellfish poisoning, known for red tides | Dinoflagellates algae |
Kingdom Protista Domain Eukarya; unicellular, chemoheterotrophs, asexual | Protozoa |
How is protozoa divided? | by how they move |
Name the divisions of protozoa and how they move | Mastigophora-flagellated; Sarcodina (Amoebas)-pseudopods; Ciliophora-ciliated, Apicomplexa-nonmotile |
Eukaryotic, multicellular, chemoheterotrophic under kingdom animalia | Helminths |
Name the two Phylum of Helminths | Platyhelminthes (flatworms) and Nematodes (roundworms) |
Name the classes under flatworm helminthes | Trematodes and cestodes (tapeworms) |
host that harbors the parasite for a temporary time period | intermediate |
host that lets the parasite reproduce | definitive |
What Kingdom does Arthropods fall in? | Animalia |
What is the role of Arthropods as vectors? | they help transmit diseases such as Lyme disease and malaria |
Name some examples of Arthropod Insecta? | 6 legs-lice, fleas, mosquitos |
Name some examples of Arthropod Arachinida? | 8 legs- mites, ticks |
Differentiate between a virus and a bacterium. | Bacteria is alive and virus is not |
Every virus is comprised of some sort of ___ and most have___. Some are __ and others are ___. | Nucleic acid, capsid, naked, enveloped |
protective outer shell that surrounds viral nucleic acid | Capsid |
two shapes of capsid are | helical or icosahedral |
structure is more intricate than helical and icosahedral virus | complex virus |
what is the overview of viral multiplication | adsoption, penetration, uncoating, synthesis, assembly, release |
oncogenic effect of virus | transformation |
rectivated viral infection | chronic latent state |
damage to host cell due to a viral infection | cytopathic effects |
inclusion bodies and syncytia | persistent viral infection |
protein particle with no nucleic acid, no envelope, no capsid | prions |
plant pathogen, 1/10 the size of viruses, naked strands of RNA, no capsid | Viroids |