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*Microbiology Exam 2
For Spring 2011 exam 2 study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| T/F: The bacteria that causes pneumonia has a spiral shape morphology. | False |
| Which of these is not a symtptom of pneumonia? shortness of breath, dicolored sputum, polyuria, or abdominal pains | polyuria |
| Which of these people is more likely to be infected of pneumonia? a 24 yr old woman with healthy diet, a teenager living in Hawaii, an infant in SW US, or elderly/terminally ill person | an elderly or terminally ill person |
| T/F: Typhoid Fever is MOST common in the United States. | False |
| Typhoid Fever could be______. completely asymptomatic, contracted by comsuming shellfish from polluted water, gram-negative enteric bacillus, or all of the above | all of the above |
| How is S. typhi identified or diagnosed? | through Gram Stain |
| T/F: the type of organism that causes candidiasis is a fungus/yeast. | True |
| Which of these is NOT a symptom of a vaginal yeast infection? itching, white/gray discharge, burning urination, swelling of joints | swelling of joints |
| Who is more likely a susceptible candidate for a vaginal yeast infection? pregnant women, women with lukemia, women with diabetes, all of the above | all of the above |
| T/F: Most HIV positive people are susceptible host. | True |
| All of the following are true about Cryptococcus neoformans except: found in soil, more common in women that men, has ability to grow in 37 degrees Celcius, can cause shortness of breath | It is more common in women that men |
| Cryptococcus neoform is: contagious, found in humans and birds, associated with bird droppings, deadly | associated with bird droppings |
| T/F: Cysticercosis is very common in the United States. | False |
| All the following are true about Cysticercosis except: may obstruct intestines, may cause blindness, may cause seizures, highly contagious, all of the above are true | highly contagious |
| Taenia solium is classified as a(n): virus, bacterium, helminthes, algea, fungi | Helminthes |
| T/F: The pinworm is more common in adults than children | False |
| Female pinworm have: pointed/curved/rounded posterior ends. | pointed posterior ends |
| What is the best way to prevent pinworms? get rid of your children, oral vitamins, good hygeine and hand washing | good hygeine and hand washing |
| T/F: Cryptosporidiosis is an intestinal illness. | True |
| All of the following are true about Cryptosporidiosis except: diagnose in stool samples, no consistently effective treatment, diarrheal disease, lives in Esophagus of infected host | Crypto lives in the Esophagus of the infected human or animal |
| Cryptosporidiosis is: parasitic disease, intestinal infection, characterized by severe watery diarrhea, all of the above | all of the above |
| T/F: Giardia lamblia has two forms, a cyst and a trophozoite. | True |
| The group with the highest rate for infection of Giardia is: | Children ages 1-2 who are not toilet trained |
| Giardia lamblia is categorized as a: | Protozoa |
| T/F: Poliomyelitis may or may not lead to flaccid paralysis. | True |
| Poliomyelitis is a(n): | Enterovirus |
| The primary route of transmission of poliomyelitis is: | fecal-oral route |
| T/F: Smallpox is more common in winter | True |
| Which of the following is not a symptom of smallpox: fever, rash, chills, hair loss | hair loss |
| What are the routes of entry of smallpox | respiratory |
| no nucleus, lack membrane bound organelles, unicellular organism, average size is 1;2 micrometers, asexual/binary fission, have cell walls made out of peptidoglycan; most are chemoheterotrophic/ few pathogenic | prokaryotic cells |
| Cell walls of Eukaryotic cells do not contain | peptidoglycan |
| Organelles are only found in | Eukaryotic cells |
| contains chromosomes/ number depends on organism | nucleus |
| transport network | ER |
| membrane formation and secretion | golgi complex |
| digestive enzymes | lysosome |
| brings food into cells and provides support | vacuoles |
| cellular respiration | mitochondrion |
| photosynthesis | chloroplast2 |
| oxidation of fatty acids; destroys H2O | peroxisome |
| divides the agar plate into four quadrants and streaks mixed broth into each quadrant so that individual colonies can form | isolation technique |
| This test is used in a clinical setting to help find out the sensitivity of organism to medicine and th effects it willhave on the patient | Kirby Bauer test/culture and sensitivity test |
| consist of partially acid-hydrolyzed beef protein, called peptone; nonselective medium | nutrient agar/broth |
| allows growth of Gram positive bacteria | PEA- phenylethyl alcohol agar |
| allows growth of Gram negative bacteria | DEA-desoxycholate lactose agar |
| used in isolation technique | TSA-triptic soy agar |
| this is when an inoculum (a small number of bacteria from an original sample) is introduced into or on a sterile medium | inoculate |
| a group of bacteria growing on a single spot on solid media that arose from a single bacterial cell | colony |
| grown onto another growth medium to provide sufficient quantity of pure culture for identification | sub-culture |
| technique used for isolating different bacterial species from a mixed culture | streak plate |
| used for identification and testing of bacteria after growing from a streak plate | pure culture |
| The treatment of disease by the use of chemical substances | chemotherapy |
| compound used to treat infectious disease | antimicrobial drugs |
| antimicrobial agent that is produced naturally by an organism | antibiotic |
| any drug that destroys bacteria or inhibits their growth | antibacterial drugs |
| drugs that destroy fungus or inhibits their growth | antifungal |
| Bible of bacteriology; a systemic approach of identifying prokaryotes | Bergey's Manual |
| What are the parameters/test to classify bacteria? | gram stain, O2 requirement, morphology, and biochemical test |
| the 4 divisions used to classify prokaryotes | Div I- gram neg; Div II- gram pos; Div III- mycoplasma (no gram stain); Div IV- Archaebacteria (no gram stain) |
| What kingdom are procaryotic organisms classified? | Monera |
| What domain are procaryotic organisms classified? | Bacteria and Archae |
| bacteria with gram negative cell walls; facultative and anearobic rods; includes E. coli, Salmonella (typhoid fever), Enterobacter, and Yersinia (plague) | Bacteria Family Enterobacteriaceae |
| Bacteria with gram positive cell walls; common disease causing in humans,Cocci in clusters;includes Staphylococcus (causes boils/skin infections) | Bacteria Family Micrococcaceae |
| Bacteria with gram positive cell walls; common disease causing in humans,Cocci in pairs; includes Steptococcus (cause strep throat) | Bacteria Family Streptococcaceae |
| Bacteria with gram positive cell walls; non spore forming rods; common disease causing in humans; gram stains poorly; includes Mycobacterium (TB/leprosy) | Bacteria Family Mycobacteriaceae |
| Bacteria with no cell walls; includes Mycoplasma (pnemonia); Ureaplasma (urinary infection) | Bacteria Family Mycoplamataceae |
| Bacteria with gram negative cell wall; transmitted by vector; includes Rickettsia (Rocky Mountain spotten fever), and Coxiella (Q fever) | Bacteria Family Rickettsiaceae |
| Bacteria with gram negative cell wall; transmitted by direct contact; includes: Chlamydia (Sexually transmitted infection) | Bacteria Family Chlamydiceae |
| associated with extreme environments, unique cell walls, unique internal structure, has been found in hot springs and high salt areas | Archae Bacteria |
| the study of fungi | mycology |
| cell wall made out of sugar type (manose/manin) | Fungi |
| Is domain fungi Aerobic or facultative anaerobic (both), chemoheterotrophic or not, a decomposer or not? | both, chemoheterotrophic, decomposer |
| need to perform energy and carbon source | Chemoheterotrophic |
| what are the nutritional adaptation of fungi? (7) | grown in PH5, almost all are aerobic, most yeast are facultative anaerobes, can grow in sugary/salty environment, grow in low moisture, require less nitrogen than bacteria, can metabolize lignin |
| Fungal disease of outer epidermic | superficial, yeast feeds on high oil content |
| fungal disease of epidermis, hair and dermis | ringworm |
| fungal disease of mucous membranes | affect skin, nails (yeast infection) |
| fungal disease of systemic mycoses | deep within body organs/tissue |
| fungal disease of opportunistic mycoses | caused by fungi that are normally found in host |
| Pathogenic dimorphic fungi are ____ at 37 degrees Celcius and ____ at 25 degrees Celcius | yeast like, moldlike |
| multicellular organism with distinct morphology; aerobic (fungi) | molds |
| unicellular fungi-facultative anaerobic | yeast |
| What are the economic effects of fungi? | antibiotic production, cheese/wine/beer and bread making |
| symbiotic relationship with soil formation; mutualistic combination of an alga and fungus | Lichens |
| Kingdom Protista Domain Eukarya | Algae |
| unicellular, filamentous or multicellular; most are photoautotrophs | Algae |
| What type of algae is multicellular,harvested for algin, used as thickner in industry and for iodine? | Brown algea |
| used for thickner in yogurt/icecream, multicellular, and harvested for agar and carrageenan | red algea |
| unicellular or multicellular, gives rise to plants | Green algae |
| snowflake looking, unicellular, store oil, fossilized diatoms formed in oil (fossil fuels) | Diatoms algae |
| unicellular, some are symboints in marine animals, neurotoxins cause paralytic shellfish poisoning, known for red tides | Dinoflagellates algae |
| Kingdom Protista Domain Eukarya; unicellular, chemoheterotrophs, asexual | Protozoa |
| How is protozoa divided? | by how they move |
| Name the divisions of protozoa and how they move | Mastigophora-flagellated; Sarcodina (Amoebas)-pseudopods; Ciliophora-ciliated, Apicomplexa-nonmotile |
| Eukaryotic, multicellular, chemoheterotrophic under kingdom animalia | Helminths |
| Name the two Phylum of Helminths | Platyhelminthes (flatworms) and Nematodes (roundworms) |
| Name the classes under flatworm helminthes | Trematodes and cestodes (tapeworms) |
| host that harbors the parasite for a temporary time period | intermediate |
| host that lets the parasite reproduce | definitive |
| What Kingdom does Arthropods fall in? | Animalia |
| What is the role of Arthropods as vectors? | they help transmit diseases such as Lyme disease and malaria |
| Name some examples of Arthropod Insecta? | 6 legs-lice, fleas, mosquitos |
| Name some examples of Arthropod Arachinida? | 8 legs- mites, ticks |
| Differentiate between a virus and a bacterium. | Bacteria is alive and virus is not |
| Every virus is comprised of some sort of ___ and most have___. Some are __ and others are ___. | Nucleic acid, capsid, naked, enveloped |
| protective outer shell that surrounds viral nucleic acid | Capsid |
| two shapes of capsid are | helical or icosahedral |
| structure is more intricate than helical and icosahedral virus | complex virus |
| what is the overview of viral multiplication | adsoption, penetration, uncoating, synthesis, assembly, release |
| oncogenic effect of virus | transformation |
| rectivated viral infection | chronic latent state |
| damage to host cell due to a viral infection | cytopathic effects |
| inclusion bodies and syncytia | persistent viral infection |
| protein particle with no nucleic acid, no envelope, no capsid | prions |
| plant pathogen, 1/10 the size of viruses, naked strands of RNA, no capsid | Viroids |
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caramelkandie26
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