Question | Answer |
Effects of hyponatremia on respiratory system | shallow, innefective respiratory movements as a late manifestations r/t skeletal muscle weakness |
Effects of hyponatremiia on neuromuscular system | generalized skeletal muscle weakness that is worse in the extremeties |
Effects of hyponatremia on cerebral function | headache,personality changes |
Effects of hyponatremia on GI system | a. Increased motilty and hyperactive bowels sounds
b Nausea
c. Ab cramping and diarrhea |
If the client is taking lithium for hyponatremia, why should yu monitor lithium levels? | Hyponatremia can cause diminished lithium excretion, resulting in toxicity |
What are four conditions that cause decreased sodium excretion can result in hypernatremia? | a. corticosterods
b. Cushing syndrome
c. renal failure
d. hyperaldosternism |
Effects of hypernatrema on neuromuscular system: | a. Early: sponataneous muscle twitches; irregular muscle contractions
b.Late: skeletal muscle weakness; deep tendon reflexes dimished or absent |
Effects of hypernatremia on central nervous system: | a. altered cerebral function is the most common manisfestation of hypernatremia |
Effects of hypokalemia on cardiovascular system: | a Thready, weak, irregular pulse
b. peripheral pulses weak
c. orthostatic hypotension
d. EKG changes: ST depression; shallow, flat or inverted T wave; and prominent U wave |
Effects of hypokalemia on respiratory system : | a. Shallow, innefectiverespifrations that result from profound muscle weakness of the skeletal muscles of respration
b. Diminished breath sounds |
Effects of hypokalemia on neuromuscular system | a. Anxiety, lethargy, confusion, coma
b. Skeletal muscle weakness; eventual flaccid paralysis
c. Loss of tactile discrimination
d. deep tendon hyporeflexia |
Effects of hypokalemia on GI system; | a. decreased motility, hypoactive to absent bowel sounds
b. Nausea, vomiting, constipation, abd distention |
The max recommended infusion rate is ______
Never to exceed _____ under circumstances | 5-10 mEq/hr
20 mEq/hr |
Effects of hyperkalemia on respirtory system | Profound weakness of the skeletal muscles causes respiratory failure |
Effects of hyperkalemia on system: | a.Early: muscle twitches,cramps, paresthesias
b.Late: profound weakness, ascending flaccid paralysis in the arms and legs |
Effects of hyperkalemia on GI system: | a. Increased motility, hyperactive bowel sounds
b. Diarrhea |
If renal functon is impaired, prepare to administer | Kayexalate exchange resin that promotes GI sodium absorption and potassum excretion |
Effects of hypocalcemia on cardiovascular system | a. decreased HR
b hypotension
c. diminished peripheral pulses
d. Ekg changes: prolonged ST interval; prolonged QT intervals |
Effects of hypocalcemia on neuromuscular system: | a. Irritable skeletal muscles; twitches, cramps, tetany,seizures
b. Parathesias followed by numbness that may affect the lips, nose, and ears in addition to the limbs
c. Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes |
Effect of hypocalcemia on GI system | a. Increased gastric motility ; hyperactive bowel sounds |
Effect of hypercalcema on cardiovascular system | a. Increased HR in early phase, bradycardia that can lead to arrest in late phase
c. Bounding, full peripheral pulses |
Effects of hypercalcemia on resp system | Innefective resp movemengt as a result of profound skeletal muscle weakness |
Effects of hypercalcema on neuromuscular system | a. Profound muscle weakness
b. Diminished or absent deep tendon reflexes
c. Disorientation, lethargy, coma |
Effects of hypercalcemia on renal system | a Increased urinary output leadng to dehydration
b. Anorexia,nausea, abd distention, constipation |
Effects of hypomagnesemia on neuromuscular system | a. twitches :paresthesias
b.positive trosseaus and chvosteks sign |
hypocalcemia frquently accompanies | hypomagnemesemia |
Effects of hypermagnesemia on neuromuscular system | a Diminished deep tendon reflexes
b. Skeletal muscle weakness |
Effects of hypermagnesemia on central nervous system | drowsiness and lethargy that prgreaa to coma |
A decrease in the serum phosphorous level is | accompanied by a increase in the serum calcium level |
Effects of hypophosphopatemia on neurmuscular system | a.weakness
b. decreased deep tendon reflexes
c. decreased bne density that can cause fractures and alterations in bone shape |
An increase in the serum phosphorous level is | accompanied by a decrease in the serum calcium level |
The problems that occur in hyperphosphatemia center on the hypocalcemia | that results when serum phosphorous levels increase. |