Question | Answer |
Long bones | Humerus(upper arm bone), femur (thigh bone) |
Short Bones | carpal (wrist bone), tarsal (ankle bone) |
Flat Bone | sternum (breastbone), scapula (shoulder blade) |
irregular bones | vertebra (backbone), stapes |
sesamoid bones | patella |
oste/o,oss/i,osse/o | bone |
di-,dia- | through, complete |
-clast | breaking down |
dactyl/o | digitus, finger/toe |
spondyl/o | vertebra (backbone), spine |
-sarcoma | connective tissue cancer |
-fida | to split, splitting |
brachi/o | arm |
-sthenia | condition of strength |
-osis | abnormal condition |
-blast | embryonic, immature |
-cyte | cell |
xiph/i | xiphoid (inferior process of sternum) |
-poiesis | formation |
re- | back |
plant/o | sole of foot |
radi/o | radius (lower lateral arm bone) |
-drome | to run, running |
mastoid/o | mastoid process |
syndesm/o | ligament (structure connect) |
myel/o | bone marrow, spinal cord |
vers/o | turning, to turn |
phyt/o | growth |
perone/o | fibula |
-dynia | pain |
-malacia | softening |
THR | Total Hip Replacement |
-scopy | process of viewing |
amphi- | both |
meta- | change, beyond |
rheumat/o | watery flow |
foss/o | fossa, (a depression) |
MD | muscular dystrophy |
tubercul/o | tubercle, rounded projection |
-centesis | surgical puncture |
tom/o | section, cutting |
leiomy/o | smooth muscle |
tract/o | pulling, to pull |
tars/o | tarsus (ankle bone) |
duct/o | carrying, to carry |
tens/o | stretching |
lord/o | swayback, bent backwards |
cleid/o | clavicle |
kyph/o | roundback |
-clasis | intentional breaking |
-desis | binding |
-physis | growth |
scoli/o | curvature |
olecran/o | olecranon elbow |
-oma | tumor, mass |
malleol/o | malleolus |
sulc/o | sulcus, groove |
-listhesis | slipping |
ankyl/o | stiffening |
prosth/o | addition |
troph/o | development, nourishment |
CREF | Closed reduction external fixation |
-rraphy | suture |
-ses, -y | condition, process of |
-plasia | condition of formation |
rhabdomy/o | striated skeletal muscle |
rachi/o | spine |
por/o | passage |
lacrim/o | tear |
Achondroplasia | disorder of development of cartilage at the epiphises of the long bones and skull, resulting in dwarfism |
muscular dystrophy | disorders characterized by inherited progressive atrophy of skeletal muscle without neural involvement |
polydactyly | contiotion of more than 5 fingers or toes |
spina bifida occulta | congenital malformation of the bony spinal column without involvement of the spinal cord |
syndactyly | joining of the fingers or toes giving them a webbed appearance |
talipes | deformity resulting in twisting of the foot also called clubfoot |
torticollis | congenital or acquired condition resulting in the contraction of muscles of the neck aslo call wryneck |
osteodynia | bone pain |
osteitis deformans | misshaped bone resulting from inflammation, also known as Paget disease |
osteomalacia | softening of the bone and bone marrow |
osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and bone marrow |
osteoporosis | loss of bone mass, which results in the bones being fragile and at risk for fractures |
osteopenia | bone mass loss but less severe than osteoporosis |
chondromalacia | softening of the cartilage |
costochondritis | inflammation of the cartilage of the ribs |
arthrosis | abnormal condition of a joint; EX: hemarthrosis, hydrarthrosis or pyarthrosis |
Baker cyst | cyst of the synovial fluid in the popliteal area of leg; often assoc. w/ rheumatoid arthritis |
bursitis | inflammation of bursa |
bunion | fairly common, painful enlargement and inflammation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (base of great toe) |
carpal tunnel syndrome CTS | compression injury that manifests itself as fluctuating pain, numbness, and paresthesias of the hand caused by compression of the median nerve at the wrist |
crepitus | cracking sound heard in joints |
osteoarthritis | joint disease characterized by degenerative articular cartilage and a wearing down of bones edges of a joint |
osteophytosis | abnormal bone growth in a joint |
rheumatoid arthritis RA | inflammatory joint disease believed to be autoimmune in nature |
tendinitis | inflammation of tendon |
temporomadibular joint disorder | dysfunctional temporomadibular joint, accompanied by gnathalgia, jaw pain |
ankylosing spondylitis | chrnic inflammatory disease of idiopathic origin, causes a fusion of the spine |
herniated intervertebral disk | protrusion of the central part of the disk that lies between the vertebrae, resulting in compression of the nerve root and pain |
kyphosis | extreme posterior curvature of the thoracic area of the spine |
lordosis | swayback; exaggerated anterior curve of the lumbar vertebrae |
scoliosis | lateral S curve of the spine |
spinal stenosis | narrowing of the spinal canal with attendant pain, sometimes caused by OA or spondylolisthesis |
spondylolisthesis | condition resulting from the partial forward dislocation of one vertebrae over the one beneath it |
spondylosis | stiffening of the vertebral joints |
contracture | chronic fixation of a joint in flexion |
fibromyalgia | disorder characterized by musculoskeletal pain, fatigue muscle stiffness and spasms, sleep disturbances |
myasthenia gravis | severe condition characterized fatigue and progressive muscle weakness, especially of face and throat |
plantar fascitis | inflammation of the fascia on the sole of the foot |
polymyositis | idiopathic inflammation os a number of voluntary muscles |
postlaminectomy syndrome | group of symptoms that occur together after the removal of a lamina to correct a spinal disorder |
rhabdomyolysis | breakdown of striated/skeletal muscle |
chondroma | benign tumor of the cartilage |
exostosis | abnormal condition of bony growth |
leiomyoma | benign tumor of smooth muscle, most common is in uterus termed fibroid |
osteoma | benign bone tumor, usually of compact bone |
rhabdomyoma | benign tumor of striated/voluntary/skeletal muscle |
chodrosarcoma | malignant tumor of the cartilage |
leiomyosarcoma | malignant tumor of smooth muscle |
osteosarcoma | malignant tumor of bone |
rhabdomyosarcoma | highly malignant tumor of skeletal muscle |
DEXA scan | Dual energy x-ray absorpyiometry, a procedure that measures the density of bone at the hip and spine |
electromyelography EMG | procedure that records the electrical activity of muscles |
myelogram | x-ray of spinal canal done after injection of contrast medium |
Phalen test | a diagnostic test where the back (dorsal surface) of the patient's hands are pressed together to elicit symptoms of CTS |
rheumatoid factor test | Lab test that looks for rheumatoid factor RF present in the blood of those who have rheumatoid arthritis |
serum calcium | test to measure the amount of calcium in the blood |
arthrocentesis | surgical puncture of a joint to remove fluid |
arthrodesis | binding or stabilization of a joint by operative means |
arthroplasty | general term meaning surgical repair of joint |
kyphoplasty | minimally invasive procedure designed to address the pain of fractures vertebrae resulting from cancer of osteoporosis |
laminectomy | removal of bony arches of one or more vertebrae to relieve compression of the spinal cord |
meniscectomy | removal of a meniscus such as in the knee |
myorrhaphy | suture of muscle |
osteoclasis | refracture of a bone, usually done if a bone has a malunion |
osteoplasty | surgical repair of a bone |
spondylosyndesis | fixation of an unstable segment of the spine by skeletal traction, immobilization of the patient in a body cast, or stabilization with a bone graft or synthetic device. |
syndesmoplasty | surgical repair of a ligament |
tenomyoplasty | surgical repair of a muscle and a tendon |
traction | process of pulling a body part into correct alignment, as to correct a dislocation |