Question | Answer |
Nutrition | The study of the food needs of the body |
Adipose | stored fat tissue |
Beef Tallow | Solid Fat made by rendering fat from cattle |
Palatability | Degree of readiness for an animal to consume |
Nutrient | ny food component the body requires to support life; includes water, carbohydrates, protein, fat, minerals and vitamins |
Mouth | Teeth grasp, tear and grind food into small pieces; and tongue positions food for swallowing |
Esophagus | Transport food from the mouth to the stomach |
Viscera | All of the stomach organs |
Stomach | Provides food storage, moves food into the small intestine, contains hydrochloric acid |
Small Intestine | Mixes ingested food with bile and digestive enzymes, Absorbs nutrients |
Large Intestine | Site of the Microbial Fermentation, absorbs water and electrolytes, moves waste into the rectum and anus |
Microbial Fermentation | Anaerobic enzymatic conversion of some carbohydrates to simpler compounds by microorganisms in the large intestine of cats and dogs |
Salivary Glands | Secrete saliva to moisten and lubricating food, plays role in evaporating cooling in dogs and cats |
Liver | Produces bile, stores as glucose as glycogen |
Pancreas | Produces insulin and glucagon, secretes enzymes in to the small intestine |
Ingredient | Edible material that may provide nutrients and energy as part of a food |
Intestinal Mucosa | Mucous membrane lining the intestine |
Energy density | Number of calories provided by a given weight or volume of pet food, expressed as kilo-calories |
Bioavailable | The ability of a nutrient, drug or other substance to be absorbed used by the body |
Availability | The proportion of a specific nutrient in food that is available for absorption by the body |
AAFCO | Association of American Feed Control Officials |
USDA | United States Department of Agriculture |
FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
Additives | Substances added to food, including preservatives, coloring, and flavoring |
Amino Acids | Building blocks of protein |
Preservatives | Substances added to food to destroy or inhibit microbial growth and slow decay, discoloring, or spoilage under normal conditions |
Rancidity | Decomposition of fats and oils that produces off odors and flavors, and destroys fat soluble vitamins |
Diet | daily supply of food and water to meet an animal's nutrient and energy requirements |
Meat and Bone Meal | Rendered product from mammalian tissues |
Rendered | Process using low heat to separate fat from bone and protein |
Animal Digest | A material produced by chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis of clean undecomposed animal tissue |
Hydrolysis | Process by which complex materials are broken down into simpler ones by adding water |
Meat by Product | non-rendered clean parts other than meat, derived from slaughtered mammals |
Non-rendered | pet food ingredients that have not been processed or separated into fat |
Essential Fatty Acids | Fatty acids that cannot be made by the body and must be supplied by the diet |
Essential Amino acids | EAA, Amino Acids that can not be produced in sufficient quantity in the body and must be obtained from food |
Fiber | Portion of ingested foods that resist digestion in the GI tract |
GI tract | Gastrointestinal Tract |
Calories | amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1gram of water from 14.5 Celsius |
The Six Nutrients | Vitamins, Minerals, Fats, Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Water |
Vitamins | Vitamins help release energy from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats |
Minerals | Members of this nutrient class are essential for life-sustaining metabolic processes |
Fats | Dietary fat is a concentrated energy source, a carrier for fat soluble vitamins, and plays many roles in the body |
Proteins | An Essential dietary nutrient, supplies cats and dogs with amino acids for a wide range of body functions |
Carbohydrates | Provide cats and dogs with a readily available source of energy, Starches, sugars |
Water | Most Crucial nutrient of the body, loss of 10% equals death |
Metabolism | the process by which large molecules are broken into smaller molecules to make energy available to the organism |
Dry-Matter basis | method of expressing a food's nutrient content on a moisture-free basis |
As-Fed or As-Is Basis | concentration of nutrients in food in the form consumed by the animal; includes moisture content of the food |
Gross Energy | otal amount of potential energy in food; not completely used by an animal because some energy losses occur during digestion and are expelled in urine and feces |
BCS (Body Condition Score) | determination of an animal's relative proportion of muscle to fat using visual assessment and palpation |
Lean Body Mass | at-free mass of the body; that part of the body including all its components except fat (stored lipids) |
Complex Carbohydrates | Called polysaccharides, are long chains of simple sugar |
Polysaccharides | complex carbohydrates that yield simple sugars when digested |
Simple Carbohydrates | Include Simple sugars (Mono saccharides, sugars are easily digested for energy |
Enzymes | any protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body by acting as a catalyst |
Nonessential Amino Acids | amino acids synthesized in the body in sufficient amounts so that they do not need to be obtained from food |
Crude Fiber | Laboratory estimate of the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin co
ntent of a food ingredient or feed |
Villi | Finger-like projections on the surface of the small intestine that increase the surface area available for absorption of fluids and nutrients |
The EAAs for Dogs | Arginine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine |
The EAAs for Cats | Arginine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Taurine Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine |
The NAAs for Dogs and Cats | Alanine, Asparagine, Aspartate, Glutamate, Glycine, Proline, Serine |
The EAAs for Both Dogs and Cats | Cysteine, Glutamine, Taurine, Tyrosine |
Catalyze | to modify, especially to increase, the rate of a chemical reaction |