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Colin AS Vocab
All Animal Science Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nutrition | The study of the food needs of the body |
| Adipose | stored fat tissue |
| Beef Tallow | Solid Fat made by rendering fat from cattle |
| Palatability | Degree of readiness for an animal to consume |
| Nutrient | ny food component the body requires to support life; includes water, carbohydrates, protein, fat, minerals and vitamins |
| Mouth | Teeth grasp, tear and grind food into small pieces; and tongue positions food for swallowing |
| Esophagus | Transport food from the mouth to the stomach |
| Viscera | All of the stomach organs |
| Stomach | Provides food storage, moves food into the small intestine, contains hydrochloric acid |
| Small Intestine | Mixes ingested food with bile and digestive enzymes, Absorbs nutrients |
| Large Intestine | Site of the Microbial Fermentation, absorbs water and electrolytes, moves waste into the rectum and anus |
| Microbial Fermentation | Anaerobic enzymatic conversion of some carbohydrates to simpler compounds by microorganisms in the large intestine of cats and dogs |
| Salivary Glands | Secrete saliva to moisten and lubricating food, plays role in evaporating cooling in dogs and cats |
| Liver | Produces bile, stores as glucose as glycogen |
| Pancreas | Produces insulin and glucagon, secretes enzymes in to the small intestine |
| Ingredient | Edible material that may provide nutrients and energy as part of a food |
| Intestinal Mucosa | Mucous membrane lining the intestine |
| Energy density | Number of calories provided by a given weight or volume of pet food, expressed as kilo-calories |
| Bioavailable | The ability of a nutrient, drug or other substance to be absorbed used by the body |
| Availability | The proportion of a specific nutrient in food that is available for absorption by the body |
| AAFCO | Association of American Feed Control Officials |
| USDA | United States Department of Agriculture |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
| Additives | Substances added to food, including preservatives, coloring, and flavoring |
| Amino Acids | Building blocks of protein |
| Preservatives | Substances added to food to destroy or inhibit microbial growth and slow decay, discoloring, or spoilage under normal conditions |
| Rancidity | Decomposition of fats and oils that produces off odors and flavors, and destroys fat soluble vitamins |
| Diet | daily supply of food and water to meet an animal's nutrient and energy requirements |
| Meat and Bone Meal | Rendered product from mammalian tissues |
| Rendered | Process using low heat to separate fat from bone and protein |
| Animal Digest | A material produced by chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis of clean undecomposed animal tissue |
| Hydrolysis | Process by which complex materials are broken down into simpler ones by adding water |
| Meat by Product | non-rendered clean parts other than meat, derived from slaughtered mammals |
| Non-rendered | pet food ingredients that have not been processed or separated into fat |
| Essential Fatty Acids | Fatty acids that cannot be made by the body and must be supplied by the diet |
| Essential Amino acids | EAA, Amino Acids that can not be produced in sufficient quantity in the body and must be obtained from food |
| Fiber | Portion of ingested foods that resist digestion in the GI tract |
| GI tract | Gastrointestinal Tract |
| Calories | amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1gram of water from 14.5 Celsius |
| The Six Nutrients | Vitamins, Minerals, Fats, Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Water |
| Vitamins | Vitamins help release energy from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats |
| Minerals | Members of this nutrient class are essential for life-sustaining metabolic processes |
| Fats | Dietary fat is a concentrated energy source, a carrier for fat soluble vitamins, and plays many roles in the body |
| Proteins | An Essential dietary nutrient, supplies cats and dogs with amino acids for a wide range of body functions |
| Carbohydrates | Provide cats and dogs with a readily available source of energy, Starches, sugars |
| Water | Most Crucial nutrient of the body, loss of 10% equals death |
| Metabolism | the process by which large molecules are broken into smaller molecules to make energy available to the organism |
| Dry-Matter basis | method of expressing a food's nutrient content on a moisture-free basis |
| As-Fed or As-Is Basis | concentration of nutrients in food in the form consumed by the animal; includes moisture content of the food |
| Gross Energy | otal amount of potential energy in food; not completely used by an animal because some energy losses occur during digestion and are expelled in urine and feces |
| BCS (Body Condition Score) | determination of an animal's relative proportion of muscle to fat using visual assessment and palpation |
| Lean Body Mass | at-free mass of the body; that part of the body including all its components except fat (stored lipids) |
| Complex Carbohydrates | Called polysaccharides, are long chains of simple sugar |
| Polysaccharides | complex carbohydrates that yield simple sugars when digested |
| Simple Carbohydrates | Include Simple sugars (Mono saccharides, sugars are easily digested for energy |
| Enzymes | any protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body by acting as a catalyst |
| Nonessential Amino Acids | amino acids synthesized in the body in sufficient amounts so that they do not need to be obtained from food |
| Crude Fiber | Laboratory estimate of the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin co ntent of a food ingredient or feed |
| Villi | Finger-like projections on the surface of the small intestine that increase the surface area available for absorption of fluids and nutrients |
| The EAAs for Dogs | Arginine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine |
| The EAAs for Cats | Arginine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Taurine Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine |
| The NAAs for Dogs and Cats | Alanine, Asparagine, Aspartate, Glutamate, Glycine, Proline, Serine |
| The EAAs for Both Dogs and Cats | Cysteine, Glutamine, Taurine, Tyrosine |
| Catalyze | to modify, especially to increase, the rate of a chemical reaction |
Created by:
weissmancp2
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