Question | Answer |
Flexion | Bending parts at a joint so that the angle between them decrease and the parts come closer together (bending the lower limb at the knee) |
Extension | Starightening parts at a joint so that the angle between them increase and the parts mpve farther apart (straightening the lower limb at the knee) |
Hyperextension | Excess extension of the parts at a joints, beyond the anatomical position (bending the head back beyond the upright position) |
Dorsiflexion | Bending the foot at the ankle toward the shin (bending the foot upward) |
Plantar Flexion | Bending the foot at the ankle toward the sole (bending the foot downward) |
Abduction | Moving a part away from the midline (lifting the upper limb horizontally to form a right angle with the side of the body) |
Adduction | Moving a part toward the midline (returning the upper limb from the horizontal position to the side of the body) |
Roation | Moving a part around an axis (twisting the head from side to side). Medial rotation involves movement toward the midline, whereas lateral rotation involves movement in the opposite direction |
Circumduction | Moving a part sp that its end follows a circular path (moving finger in a circular motion without moving the hand) |
Supination | Turning the hand so the palm is upward or facing anteriorly (in anatomical position) |
Pronation | Turning the hand so the palm is downward or facing posteriorly (in anatomical position) |
Eversion | Turning the foot so the sole faces laterally |
Inversion | Turning the foot so the sole faces medially |
Protraction | Moving a part forward (thrusting the chin forward) |
Retraction | Moving a part backward (pulling the chin backward) |
Elevation | Raising a part (shrugging the shoulders) |
Depression | Lowering a part (drooping the shoulders) |