Key terms and Concepts | Definitions |
Peelers, Bobbies | Metropolitan Police Act of 1829 named their first professional force members as first the "Peelers", in honor of Sir Robert Peel (Britians home secretary)then later known as "Bobbies". |
Watch of London, Old Charleys | Earliest police in England worked only at night, was first known as "Watch of London" then later known as "Old Charleys" |
Bow Street Runners | unofficial, unpaid, no uniforms; who started off as night watchmen then came to be Criminal Investigation. First called Mr.Fieldings people, after novelist Henry Fieldings. |
Thief Catchers | Before the advent of formal police agencies, crime was frequently battled by these hirelings. |
Criminal Investigation | defined as the collection of information and evidence for identifying, apprehending and convicting suspected offenders. Also known as the reconstruction of a past event. |
Third Degree | employed in the United States in 1931 by the Wickersham Commission (appointed by President Herbert Hoover) to characterize the extraction of confessions accompanied by brute force. |
Particularized Motive | Crimes such as homicide, arson, assault |
Universal Motive | Crimes such as burglary, robbery, rape |
Comparison Microscope | Developed by Calvin Goddard |
Notes, Sketches, Photographs | Necessary at the beginning of Investigation to aid prosecution in court. |
Eyewitness | Someone who directly observe an crime and helps to identify the perpetrator. |
Complainant or Victims | Person claiming to have been victimized by a crime or Person harmed by a crime |
Plea bargaining | making a deal with the prosecution to seek a lesser charge. |
Jurisdiction | Criminal Investigators have no responsibly in matters that pertain to others jurisdiction. |
Cross Examination | Prosecution and Defense takes turns questioning in court |
Rules of Evidence | Notes, Photos, Sketches, who, what, where, when, why, how and the identification that eventually leads to an apprehension, kept in order of collection so evidence is not tampered with. |
Hans Gross | Father of Forensic Investigation |
Francis Galton | Fingerprint Science |
Paul Uhlenhuth | Precipitin tests for blood species |
Edmond Locard | First police laboratory in Lyon, France |
Paul Kirk | Criminalistics |
Justice housed what? | Federal Bureau of Investigation |
Homeland Security Housed what? | U.S. Secret Service |
"Set a thief to catch a thief" | An old Eighteen century England saying by Jonathan Wild(Law enforcer/ Law breaker ) |