Question | Answer |
aquarium | glass or acrylic |
biological filtration | synthetic bacteria occurs |
chemical filtration | dissolved chemicals are removed from the water |
gravel | acts as a ph buffer |
mechanical filtration | particular matters are removed from the water |
what instrument is used to measure salinity and specific gravity in a saltwater tank? | hydrometer |
identify toxic substances that accumulate in a saltwater tank. | ammonia |
Ntrosomonas | amonia to nitrite |
How do you fix the following water quality problems: evaporation | add fresh water |
cloudy water | water change |
algae growth | scrape tank |
what is the correct specific gravity range for a salt water aquarium? | 1.020-1.024 g/ml |
describe what marine science and oceanography are. | marine science- study of the nature of the ocean
oceanography- study of the oceans content and processes |
what are four main branches of oceanography? | biological, chemical, physical, geological |
identify 3 primary reasons for early civilization to interact with the ocean. | trade, foo, exploration |
Phoenicians | 1st established trade routes |
Chinese | invented compass |
Vikings | stone maps |
Charles Darwin | theory of coral growth |
Polynesians | built canoes |
Eratosthenes | circumference of the earth |
Columbus | first to explore America |
HMS Challenger | first solely based marine science expedition |
Trieste | went to challenger deep |
GPS | global positioning system |
Alvin | made over 150 dives.
(discovered Titanic) |
ROV | remotely operated vehicle |
Loran C | long range navigation |
Satellites | gather patterns |
Sonar | maps the seafloor |
crust | outermost layer |
outer core | outermost layer |
lithosphere | uppermost region of the mantle |
mantle | think and fluid like |
inner core | innermost layer |
asthenosphere | top part of upper mantle |
name the four major layers of the earth in order. | crust, mantle, outer core, inner core |
explain why oceanic crust is denser than continental crust. | oceanic crust is older |
explain the general interaction of oceanic crust and continental crust | oceanic crust sub ducts below continental crust |
who proposed the past existence of Pangea and the theory of continental drift? | alfred wegner |
describe the evidence of the theory of continental drift. | fossils, coal deposits, puzzle model |
explain why continental drift was not accepted at first. | could not explain how continents drifted, meteorologist not geologist |
explain the theory of seafloor spreading. | as plates move it is believed the sea floor will expand (new rock formed) |
how did sonar contribute to the information about the ocean bottom? | maps the ocean floor |
how did glomar challenger contribute to the theory of sea floor spreading? | took core samples, collected rock info |
explain the theory of plate tectonics. | pacific will shrink, atlantic will expand |
identify the four types of sediments based on origin | hydrogenous, cosmogenous, lithogenous, biogenous |
identify factors that determine the density of ocean waters. | salinity and temperature |
explain why oceans are less prone to freezing then lakes? | as salinity increases water resists freezing |
identify the effect of temperature on the solubility of gases in seawater. | thermocline- when temperature changes rapidly with depth |
describe water's properties due to it's polar nature: hydrogen bonding | water is a liquid |
cohesion | molecules stick together |
adhesion | water sticks to other molecules |
viscosity | fluid resists flow |
ice floats | hydrogen bonds spread to a crystal structure |
gulf stream | carries warm water |
california current | carries cool water |
what are the factors that affect direction and patterns of a major ocean current? | wind and landmasses |
spring tide | occur during full and new moon |
neap tide | occur during quarter moon |
define emergent plants and give examples | plants that live on land. ex. palm tree |
define submergent plants and give examples | plants that live underwater. ex. seaweed |
porifera | sponge |
nemertea | ribbon worm |
nematoda | round worm |
ctenophora | box jelly |
mollusca | snail |
platyhelminthes | pollyachate worms |
cyanobacteria | blue-green algae |
dinophyta | red tide |
phaeophyta | brown algae |
rhodophyta | red algae |
chlorophyta | green chlorophyll |
why are red algae so important to coral reefs? | secretion of calcium carbonate |
red tide is primarily caused by which phylum? | dinophyta |
what is a bloom and what causes it? | rapid increase of algae creates harmful phytoplankton |
describe biotic and abiotic aspects of the sargasso sea. | biotic- seaweed
abiotic- sand and water |
collar cells | line interior of sponge |
oscula | water goes in |
radial symmetry | round |
mantle | organ that secretes shell |
tube feet | locomotion |
amoebocytes | distribute nutrients throughout the sponge |
cnidocytes | stinging prey |
mesoglea | jelly substance |
muscular foot | movement |
water vascular system | hydratic system |
spicules | needle-like structures made of glass |
polyps | tentacles up |
radula | tongue-like structure with scraping teeth for feeding |
spongin | keeps sponge up straight |
medusa | tentacles down |
abductor muscles | close and open shell |
mandibles | mouth parts, eating |
chelipeds | claws, catch prey |
swimmerets | legs, assist with swimming |
uropods | tail fan |
gastropoda | snail, one shell, muscular foot |
cephalopoda | octopus, squid, tentacles |
bivalves | claws, abductors |
Nitrobacter | nitrite to nitrate |