Question | Answer |
Physical Development: girls vs. boys | last period when they are both close in size and body proportions |
Physical Changes | -first deciduous tooth lost, permanent teeth appear - jaw shape changes
-body organs and immune system mature - fewer illnesses, medications cause fewer side effects, urinary system can adjust to changes in fluid status
- |
Physical Skills | - are refined as school aged child begins to play sports
- fine motor skills are well developed through school activities |
Growth Spurt | - may start at age 9-10 for girls
- may start at age 10-11 for boys
- means increased nutritional needs |
Dental Changes | - loss of first deciduous tooth at 6 yrs. of age
- 22-26 permanent teeth (of the 32) erupt by age 12
- monitor child closely for proper tooth brushing and flossing |
Cognitive Development: Piaget - Concrete Operational Thought | - child considers alternative solutions and solve problems
- thought content formed by concrete experiences and materials
- concept of conservation (pouring water from large glass into tall skinny glass - the amount doesn't change) -> nursing implicatio |
Phsychosocial Development: Erikson - Play | - cooperative play -- interacts with others to accomplish tasks
- child develops sense of accomplishment from activities and relationships |
Psychosocial Development: Erikson - Personality and Temperament | - slow-to-warm-up child may need encouragement to try new activities and to share experiences with others
- the "easy" child will readily adapt to new schools, people, and experiences |
Psychosocial Developmt.: Erikson - Communication | - should learn to correct any lingering pronunciation or grammatical errors
- likes to write --> nurse should encourage journal writing during hospital stay
- nurse provides concrete examples of pictures or materials to accompany verbal descriptions |
Sexuality | - children deal much more consciously with sexuality
- nurse must teach factual information about sex
- ask child about sexual issues to learn how much he knows
- appropriate and inappropriate touch should be discussed |