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Pediatrics
Childhood Development - School Age Child (6-12 yrs.)
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Physical Development: girls vs. boys | last period when they are both close in size and body proportions |
Physical Changes | -first deciduous tooth lost, permanent teeth appear - jaw shape changes -body organs and immune system mature - fewer illnesses, medications cause fewer side effects, urinary system can adjust to changes in fluid status - |
Physical Skills | - are refined as school aged child begins to play sports - fine motor skills are well developed through school activities |
Growth Spurt | - may start at age 9-10 for girls - may start at age 10-11 for boys - means increased nutritional needs |
Dental Changes | - loss of first deciduous tooth at 6 yrs. of age - 22-26 permanent teeth (of the 32) erupt by age 12 - monitor child closely for proper tooth brushing and flossing |
Cognitive Development: Piaget - Concrete Operational Thought | - child considers alternative solutions and solve problems - thought content formed by concrete experiences and materials - concept of conservation (pouring water from large glass into tall skinny glass - the amount doesn't change) -> nursing implicatio |
Phsychosocial Development: Erikson - Play | - cooperative play -- interacts with others to accomplish tasks - child develops sense of accomplishment from activities and relationships |
Psychosocial Development: Erikson - Personality and Temperament | - slow-to-warm-up child may need encouragement to try new activities and to share experiences with others - the "easy" child will readily adapt to new schools, people, and experiences |
Psychosocial Developmt.: Erikson - Communication | - should learn to correct any lingering pronunciation or grammatical errors - likes to write --> nurse should encourage journal writing during hospital stay - nurse provides concrete examples of pictures or materials to accompany verbal descriptions |
Sexuality | - children deal much more consciously with sexuality - nurse must teach factual information about sex - ask child about sexual issues to learn how much he knows - appropriate and inappropriate touch should be discussed |