Question | Answer |
Abduction | movement of an extremity away from the midline of the body |
Adduction | movement of an extremity toward the midline of the body |
Alignment | relationship of various body parts to one another |
Base of support | area on which an object rests; a stance with feet slightly apart |
Body mechanics | physiologic study of the muscular actions and the functions of muscles in maintaining posture of the body |
Contractures | abnormal, usually permanent condition of a joint characterized by flexion and fixation and caused by atrophy |
Dorsal (supine) | lying horizontal on the back |
Dorsal recumbent | supine position with patient lying on back, head and shoulders with extremities moderately flexed and legs extended |
Dorsiflexion | bending or flexing backward, as in upward bending of the fingers, wrists, feet, toes |
Extension | movement of joint that increases the angle between two joining bones |
Flexion | movement of certain joints that decreases the angle between two adjoining bones |
Fowler's position | a position arranged by elevating the head of the bed 60-90 degrees |
Genupectoral(knee to chest) | patient kneels so weight of body is supported by knees and chest |
Hyperextension | extension of a limb or part beyond the normal limitImmobility |
Joint | any one of the connections between bones |
Lateral position | when patient is resting on his/her side |
Lithotomy | patient lying supine with the hips and knees flexed and the thighs abducted and rotated externally |
Logroll | technique used to turn a patient in bed as a single unit while maintaining straight body alignment |
Mobility | the ability to move in one’s environment with ease and without restriction |
Necrosis | local death of tissue from disease or injury |
Orthopnea | the ability to breathe only in the upright position |
Orthopneic | pertains to the posture assumed by the patient sitting up in bed at a 90 degree angle |
Pivot | turn or change of direction with your feet while remaining in a fixed place |
Pressure ulcer | an ulcer that forms from a local interference with circulation |
Pronation | palm of the hand turned down |
Prone position | when the patient is lying face down |
Range of motion | normal movement that any given joint is capable of making |
Any body action involving the muscles joints and natural directional movement | |
Semi-Fowler's position | position arranged by elevating the head of the bed 30-60 degrees and raising the knees up to 15 degrees |
Shearing force | an applied force that causes a downward and forward pressure on the tissues beneath the skin |
Sim's position | side-lying position in which the weight is distributed over the anterior ilium, humerus and clavicle |
Supination | the act of turning the palm of the hand forward or upward |
Supine position | resting on back |
Trendelenburg | a position in which the patient is lying supine with the head lower than the body with the body and legs elevated and on an incline |
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