Question | Answer |
What 2 categories is metabolism divided into? | Catabolism and Anabolism |
What type of metabolism breaks down molecules and releases energy and is the primary source of energy for making ATP? | Catabolism |
What type of metabolism makes larger molecules and requires energy and is also the source of the body's large energy storage compounds? | Anabolism |
All reactions in the body that involve energy transformation is call what? | Metabolism |
The metabolic pathway by which glucose is converted into 2 pyruvic acid and does NOT require oxygen? | Glycolysis |
Where does phosphorylation trap glucose? | Inside the cell |
Glycolysis is exergonic and produces what 2 products? | Net 2 ATP's and 2 NADH's |
In glycolysis _____ ATP are added and _____are produced for a net gain of _____ ATP. | 2/4/2 |
What organs store carbohydrates in the form of glycogen? | Liver, skeletal muscles and heart |
What muscles use trapped glucose-6-phosphate for its own energy needs? | Skeletal muscles |
What is the only organ that has glucose-6-phosphatase that removes the phosphate group so that it can secrete free glucose into the blood? | Liver |
In the Cori Cycle the production of glucose from noncarbohydrate molecules, including lactic acid, amino acids, and glyceral (occurs primarily in the liver) is called what? | Gluconeogenesis |
What process begins when pyruvic acid formed by glycolysis enters the mitochondria? | Aerobic respiration |
When does aerobic respiration begin? | When pyruvic acid formed by glycolysis enters the mitochondria |
In aerobic respiration CO2 is clipped off pyruvic acid forming what? | Acetyl CoA (coenzyme A is a carrier for acetic acid) |
During the Krebs cycle, in a series of reaction what is converted back to oxaloacetic acid to complete the pathway? | Citric acid |
What does the Kreb Cycle produce in one cycle? | 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 |
What do you call a linked series of proteins on the cristae of the mitrochondria? | Electron transport chain |
Energy that is used to take ADP and make ATP is called what? | Oxidative phosphorylation |
What are 2 ways ATP is made? | Direct phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation |
What cells don't have a mitochondria and therefore use only the lactic acid pathway? | RBCs |
Where does glycolysis take place? | Cytoplasm |
Where does the krebs cycle take place? | Mitochondria |
What 2 things does the Krebs cycle begin with and what do they form? | Acetyle CoA combining with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid |
What does the Krebs cycle produce? | 1 GTP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH |
The ETC is a linked series of proteins located where in the cell? | Cristae of the mitochondria |
What are the proteins that are found on the cristae of the mitochondria in the ETC? | FMN, coenzyme Q, and cytochromes |
What comes from the Krebs cycle and carries electrons to the ETC? | NADH AND FADH2 |
Where is most of the ATP produced? | In the ETC of the mitochondria |
What is the net production of ATP from glycolysis to the ETC? | 26 ATP produced in ETC, 2 from glycolysis, 2 from direct phosphorylation in Krebs For a total of 30 ATPs for each glucose |
What is it called when ATP is formed when bonds are weak? | Direct phosphorylation |
Through what process is ATP formed in glycolysis and Krebs? | Direct phosphorylation |
Through what process is ATP formed in the ETC? | Oxidative phosphorylation in Krebs |
Direct phosphorylation is the formation of ATP during what cycles of metabolism? | Glycolysis and Krebs |
When FAD and NAD are reduced they become what? | FADH2 and NADH |