Question | Answer |
Most cells in the body are in what phase of the cell cycle? | Interphase |
What is the non-dividing stage of the cell cycle? | Interphase |
Interphase is subdivided into what 3 stages? | G1, S, G2 |
What are proteins that promote different phases of the cell cycle? | Cyclins |
Overactivity of genes that code for cyclins are associated with what disease? | Cancer |
Genes whose mutations are associated with cancer are called what? | Oncogenes |
What genes inhibit cancer development? | Tumor suppressor genes |
What tumor suppressor gene encodes a transcription factor that halts cell division when DNA is damaged? | p53 |
Programmed cell death is refered to as what? | Apoptosis |
Mutation in p53 are found in what percentage of all cancers? | 50% |
In what 2 ways can cell death occur? | Necrosis or apoptosis |
What type of cell death occurs when pathological changes kills a cell? | Necrosis |
What type of cell death occurs as a normal physiological response? | Apoptosis |
What type of cell death involves activation of cytoplasmic caspases, which leads to cell death? | Apoptosis |
The phase in life when the cell divides is called what? | Mitosis |
During mitosis what are condensed and duplicated? | Chromosomes |
Chromosomes consist of 2 duplicate strands of __________ which are connected by _________. | Chromatids/centromere |
Mitosis consists of what 4 stages? | Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telephase |
In what stage of mitosis do the chromosomes become visible distinct structures? | Prophase |
In what stage of mitosis do the chromosomes line up single file along the equator and are positioned there by spindle fibers? | Metaphase |
During what stage of mitosis do the centromeres split and the spindle fibers pull each chromatid to opposite poles? | Anaphase |
During what phase of mitosis does the cytoplasm divide producing 2 daughter cells? | Telephase |
What is the term for when the cytoplasm divides during telephase? | Cytokinesis |
Centrosome contain 2 what? | Centrioles |
During what stage of interphase do the centrosome duplicated if the cell is going to divide? | G1 |
All animal cells have a centrosome located near the nucleus in what phase? | Interphase |
Microtubules grow from centrosomes to form what? | Spindle fibers |
What do the spindle fibers that grow from the centrosomes attatch to during mitosis? | The centromeres of the chromosomes |
What are the non-coding regions of DNA located at the ends of chromosomes called? | Telomeres |
What is the M stage of the cell cycle called? | Mitosis |
Centrosomes replicates itself during what phase? | Interphase |
The two identical centrosomes move away from each other during what phase of mitosis? | Prophase |
Each time a cell divides, a length of ________is lost because DNA polymerase can't copy the very end of the DNA strand | Telemeres |
What type of cell division occurs in the ovaries and testes to produce gametes? | Meiosis |
In what type of cell division is there 2 divisional sequences in which the DNA is replicated once and divided twice? | Meiosis |
During the 1st division of meiosis, what type of chromosome pair along the equator of the cell? | Homologous Chromosomes |
After the 1st division of meiosis each daughter cell has how many differnt chromosomes consisting of how many chromatids? | 23/2 |
How is genetic recombination achieved? | Crossing over of the tetrads |
When does crossing over occur? | During prophase 1 |
The cytoplasm divides to produce two haploid cells during what phase of meiosis? | Telephase I |
What type of inheritance occurs when gene silencing is passed on to the daughter cells? | Epigenetic inheritance |