Question | Answer |
Non fermenters | Reqiure oxygen,cannot ferment glucose and form weak acids |
Cannot use carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen | Nonsaccharolytic |
Use compounds other than carbohydrates for energy | Nonoxidizers |
Nonsaccharolytic | Nonreactive on TSI slants |
detects small amount of acid,1% carbohydrate,0.2%peptones | OF medium |
Suspect of a Nonfermentor | Growth better on blood plate than MAC,oxidase pos,TSI K/K |
Detemines wheather an organism uses carbohydrate to produce acid product | OF test |
Infections occur where moisture accumulates,eyes,ears catheters | P.aeruginosa |
P.Aeroginosa | Chronic lung infection, CF, |
UTI's, pulmonary disease, endocarditis and septicemia | P.aeruginosa |
P.aeruginosa | grape like odor |
P. Aeruginosa | Large colonies,grape like odor,oxidase positive,pyocyanin |
Pseudomnas means what in greek | False unit |
Produces pyoverdin, does not grow at 42C, | P.Fluorescens and P.Putida |
P.Stutzeri | Soil denitrifier,cause of otitis media and septic arthritis |
How many species are in Burkholderia | 50 species |
B.Cepacia is found where | IV fluids,detergents and disinfectants |
Cause of onion bulb rot | B.cepacia |
Opportunistic and nosocmiaol pathogen and isolates itself from alcohol/iodine | B.CEPACIA |
Growth on Blood, chocolate and MAC | B.cepacia |
Yellowish pigment and dirt like odor | B.cepacia |
Primary in horses,goats,sheep and donkeys | B.Mallei |
Only non-motile organism in Burkholderia and Pseudomonas species | B.Mallei |
B.Psuedomallei | Aggressive granulomatous pulminary disease |
3rd most commonly isolated non-fermenter infections | Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia |
Aerobic,motile by polar flagella,resistance to antimicrobial agents | S. Maltophilia |
S.Maltophilia | Strongly oxidizes maltose, amonia odor |
Aerobic nonfermentative gram neg.bacilli,grows on MAC,oxidase neg. nonmotile | Acineobacter |
Acineobacter | Produces purple pigment on MAC |
Non-pathogenic to healthy people,most infections in immunocompromised | Acineobacter |
A.baumannii | Saccharolytic |
A.Iwoffii | Nonsaccharolytic |
Pathogen,Isolation indicates contamination/colonization rather infection | A.Iwoffii |
Found in plankton,brackish, and salt water water, borne illness | Vibrio Cholerae |
Acute diarrheal disease that is spread mainly through contaminated water | Cholera |
Attached to intestinal villi by pilli | Cholera |
Cholera Toxin or Choleragen | Massive outpouring of Rice water stools |
Vibro sp. | Natural inhabitants of seawater,Most require increased sodium chloride for growth |
Oxidase Positive, Facultative Anaerobes, Non-spore forming Gram Negative Bacilli | Vibro sp. |
Vibrio cholerae Epidemiology | Water borne illness Found in plankton, fresh, brackish,and salt water |
is an acute diarrheal disease that is spread mainly through contaminated water | Cholera |
Colonizes the gastrointestinal tract | Cholera |
Vibrio cholera 01-Two Biotypes | 1.Classic--Nonhemolytic, VP Negative2.El Tor---Beta hemolytic, VP Positive |
NLF on MAC,Yellow Colonies on TCBS Vibrio cholera | Vibrio cholera |
Vibrio parahaemolyticus | Gastroenteritis from seafood (Shell Fish),Green on TCBS, Non sucrose fermenter |
Require 1-2% NaCl for growth,Cause gastroenteritis, wound infections,septicemia | Halophilic Vibrios |
Vibrio vulnificus | Septicemia from raw shellfish,Lactose fermenter |
Aeromonas sp. | Oxidase positive, glucose fermenting, gram negative rods |
Cause diseases in warm bloodedand cold blooded animals | Aeromonas sp. |
Straight, not curved rods,single polar,Grow in range of temp from 0-42C | Aeromonas sp. |
Aeromonas hydrophilia | Water loving,Grows on MAC, Indole Positive, Waterborne Illness |
Produces aerolysin,Cytotoxic enterotoxin,Causes tissue damage in fish | Aeromonas hydrophilia |
MAC and SBA,Usually beta-hemolytic,Positive indole and oxidase | Aeromonas hydrophilia |
Aeromonas hydrophilia | resistant to Penicillin,ampicillin, carbenicillin,cephalothin |
Plesiomonas sp. | Oxidase positive, glucose fermenting, facultatively anaerobic gram negative rods |
Potential cause of enteric disease in humans, carried on cold blooded animals | Plesiomonas sp |
Causes gastritis | Plesiomonas shigelloides |
not recovered on routine media Both are small, curved, motile,gram negative bacilli | Campylobacter and Helicobacter |
S Shaped,Microaerophilic (Reduced Oxygen)Oxidase Positive and Nonfermentative | Campylobacter spp. |
are pathogenic and are associated with a wide variety of human diseases | Campylobacter spp |
Campylobacter spp | cause abortion in domestic animals such as cattle, sheep, swine |
One of the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in numerous parts of US | C. jejuni |
Bloody stool with high number of WBC’s,Lasts for 7-10 days,Can be fatal | C. jejuni |
Ingestion of contaminated food or water | C. jejuni |
Special atmospheric and temperature needs:42C,5% O2, 10% CO2, 85% N2 | C. jejuni |
C. jejuni | Curved gram negative bacilli Sea gull shape |
Helicobacter spp | Curved, microaerophilic gram negative rods,Most species- strong urease |
Natural habitat is human stomach | H. pylori |
Coverts urea to ammonia,bicarbonate,Elicits a powerful immuneresponse- Ulcer | H. pylori |
Positive- Oxidase, Catalase,Urease | H. pylori |
Alcaligenes | Tiny motile gram negative rods Oxidase positive and grows on MAC |
Reduces nitrates to nitrites Found in water and soil | Alcaligenes |
Most commonly isolated species | Alcaligenes faecalis |
Alcaligenes faecalis | Opportunistic infections of blood, CSF,UTI, and wound infection |
irregular edges (feather edge) on BAP “Fruity” plate odor,Grows in 6.5% NaCl | Alcaligenes faecalis |
Small Coccobacilli,Fastidous, Obligate aerobes | Bordetella species |
B. pertussis and B. parapertussis are | non motile, |
Worldwide 60 million cases with,500,000 deaths,US occurs August to November | B. pertussis |
Exotoxin enters targetcells and activates cAMP | Pertussis toxin- |
causes ciliatedepithelial cells destruction | Tracheal cytotoxin |
a cell surface,protein binds to host cell surface | Hemoaggutination |
Whooping Cough | B. pertussis |
Potato infusion agarand sheep blood with methicillin | Bordet-Genou |
Charcoal agar with 10%Horse Blood and caphalexin | Regan-Lowe |
B. parapertussis | Causes pertussis with milder symptoms– Nontoxigenic strain |
Kennel cough in dogs, human infectionsresults from transmission from animal | B. bronchisepica |