Question | Answer |
Organelle | a tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function in the cell |
Cell Wall | supports and protects the cell |
Cell Membrane | a cell structure that controls which which substances can enter or leave the cell |
Nucleus | brain of the cell- control room |
Chromatin | material in cell that contains DNA and carries genetic info |
Cytoplasm | region between cell membrane and nucleus |
Mitochondrian | battery of the cell |
Endoplasmic Reticulum | highway of the cell |
Ribosome | makes proteins |
Golgi Body | transports proteins mail system |
Chloroplast | captures energy from the sun: uses to produce food |
Vacuole | storage container- water balloon |
Lysosome | intestines of the cell- clears away waste |
Element | cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
Atom | smallest unit of an element |
Compound | 2 or more elements that are chemically combined |
Molecule | smallest form of matter |
Organic Compound | contains carbon |
Inorganic Compound | doesnt contain carbon |
Carbohydrate | energy-rich organic compounds- sugars and starches- made up of carbon, hydrogen, and, oxygen |
Protein | large organc compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur |
Amino Acid | form proteins |
Enzyme | protein that speeds up a chemical reaction |
Lipid | fats and oils |
Nucleic Acid | DNA and RNA |
DNA | carries genetic info - passed on from parent to offspring |
RNA | plays an important role in the production of proteins |
Selectively Permeable | windowscreen-allows some things to pass through and others cannot |
Diffusion | molecules moving from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration |
Osmosis | diffusion of water |
Passive Transport | diffusion without using energy |
Active Transport | diffusion using energy |
Photosynthesis | how plants make food |
Chlorophyll | pigment found in chloroplasts, algae, and some bacteria |
Stomata | small whole in the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move |
Autotroph | makes its own food |
Heterotroph | an organism that cannot make its own food |
Respiration | process in which cells break down food molecules and releas their energy |
Fermentation | respiration without using oxygen |
Cell Cycle | the regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo |
Mitosis | cell splits and becomes two new cells |
Chromatid | one of the identical rods of a chromosome |
Interphase | cell grows, copies DNA, and prepares to divide |
Chromosome | double rod of condensed chromatin- carries genetic info |
Cytokinesis | final stage of mitosis where the cell splits and becomes two new cells |
Trait | physical characteristic |
Heredity | the passing of traits from parents to offsping |
Genetics | study of heredity |
Purebred | two of the same alleles for one trait |
Gene | segment of DNA that calls for a certain trait |
Allele | two flavors of a gene |
Dominant Allele | allways shows up |
Recessive Allele | shows up if the dominant isn't their |
Hybrid | two different alleles for one trait |
Probability | the chance something will happen |
Punnett Square | a chart that shows all of the possible outcome of the offspring |
Phenotype | physical appearence |
Genotype | genetic makeup |
Homozygous | two of the same alleles for one trait |
Heterozygous | two different alleles for one trait |
Codominance | neither dominant or recessive |
Meiosis | production of sex cells |
Protein Synthesis | in the cytoplasm on the ribosome |
Messenger RNA | copies the coded message and carries it into the cytoplasm |
Transfer RNA | carries the amino acids and adds them to the growing protein |
Nitrogen Bases | adenine-thynineguanine-cytosine |
Mutation | a change in a gene or chromosome |
Species | a group of similar organisms |
Adaptation | a trait that helps an organism to survive and reproduce |
Evolution | the gradual change of a species over time |
Scientific Theory | a well-tested theory that explains a wide range of observations |
Natural Selection | the process by which the individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive than the other members of the species |
Variation | a difference between two or more animals in the same species |
Fossil | the preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived 10,000 years or more ago |
Sedimentary Rock | the only rock fossils are found in- layers of sediment built up over millions of years |
Petrified Fossil | a fossil formed when minerals replace all or part of an organism |
Cast | a fossil formed when a mold becomes filled in with minerals that then harden |
Mold | a type of fossil formed when a shell or other hard part of an organism dissolves, leaving an empty space in the shape of the part |
Extinct | an organism can no longer exist on Earth |
Relative Dating | a technique used to find which of the two fossils is older |
Absolute Dating | to find the actual age of a fossil or rock |
Fossil Record | the millions of fossils scientist have collected |
Homologous Structure | |
Branching Tree | |