Term | Definition |
ATP | Adenosine Tri Phosphate: Energy currency of cell Fully charged energy |
ADP | Adenosine Di Phosphate - Discharged energy molecule |
First Law of Thermodynamics | Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can be transformed and transferred from one form to another. |
Second Law of Thermodynamics | Energy conversion is inefficient and energy lost as heat disperses and lost. |
Entropy | Measure of energy lost as heat . |
Potential Energy | Energy Available to do work |
Kinetic Energy | Energy at Work |
Anabolic Reaction | Reactions that forms a bond; make a new molecule |
Catabolic Reaction | Reactions that breaks a bond; breaks a molecule |
Endergonic Reaction | Reactions that requires energy - anabolic reactions |
Exergonic Reactions | Reaction that releases energy - Catabolic reactions |
Metabolism | Sum total of all reactions in a body |
Energy | Capacity to do work |
Enzyme | Protein molecule that catalyzes a reaction and make it happen faster. |
Activation Energy | Energy needed to start a reaction |
Substrate | Molecules that take part in a reaction ( associated with enzyme) |
Active Site | Region on an enzyme that binds to the substrate |
Competititve Inhibition | Inhibitor binds to the active site and prevents the enzyme from catalyzing the reaction |
Non-competitive inhibition | Inhibitor changes the active site of the enzyme making it unavailable to catalyze the reaction |
Oxidation reaction | Reaction where a reactant loses electron . |
Reduction Reaction | REaction where a reactant gains an electron. |
Redox Reaction | Coupled reaction where one reactant loses electron and another gains an electron. |
Isotonic Solution | Solute concentration is the same inside and outside of membrane |
Hypertonic Solution | Solute concentration is high in the solution compared to the solute concentration in the cell - water will move out of the cell. |
Hypotonic Solution | Solute Concentration is low in the solution compared to the solute concentration in the cell - water will move in to the cell |
Passive transport | No energy required to move particles across a membrane , movement happens along with the concentration gradient high -. Low |
Active Transport | Energy required to move particles across membrane; movement happens against the concentration gradient -low-> High |
Phagocytosis | Vesicles moving into the cell with large solid substance - cell eating. |
Pinocytosis | Vesicles moving into the cell with fluids - cell drinking |
Exocytosis | Movement of Vesicle out of cell |
Endocytosis | Movement of Vesicle into the cell |