Term | Definition |
absorption | the taking in of materials by cells or tissues |
active transport | the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy from a lesser concentration to a greater concentration |
adipose(fat) | stores excess fat
cushions
generates heat |
areolar(loose) | subcutaneous
connects skin to muscle |
blood | plasma-transport materials
RBCs- carry oxygen
WBCs-destroy pathogens
platelets-prevent blood loss |
bone | -supports the body
-protects the internal organs from mechanical injury
-stores excess calcium
-contains red bone marrow |
cartilage | -keeps airway open
-smooth to prevent friction
-supports, maintains shape
-absorbs shock,permits movement |
cell | smallest living unit in the body |
centrioles | organizer of spindle fibers for the distribution of chromosomes during cell division |
cereumen | earwax |
cilia | sweep materials across the cell surface |
cilitated epithelium | the tissue that has motile cilia on the free surface of the cell |
columnar | tall and narrow |
connective tissue | tissue that connects, support, transport, or stores materials |
cuboidal | cube shaped |
cytoskeleton | gives shape to the cells, and contributes to the movement of the cell |
dehydration | lack of water |
dermis | inner layer of skin |
diffusion | movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
elastic | within the walls of large arteries- help maintain blood pressure
around alveoli in lungs-promote normal exhalation |
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | passageway for transport of materials within the cell |
epidermis | outer layer of skin |
epithelial tissue | coverings and lining |
facilitated diffusion(help or assist) | the transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier protein |
fibrous | -tendons and ligaments
-strong to withstand force
-dermis-strong inner layer of skin |
filtration(push through) | the process in which water and dissolved materials move through a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure |
flagellan | long appendage that enables a cell to move(sperm cell) |
glands | a cell, a group of cells or an organ that produces a secretion for uses elsewhere in the body or in a body cavitiy or the elimination from the body |
Goblet cell | secretes mucus |
Golgi Apparatus | packaging of materials for secretion from the cell |
hair follicles | structure within the skin in which the hair grows |
hair root | new cells grow |
hair shaft | push through the surface of the skin |
lysosomes | container of enzymes that digest ingested foreign material such as bacterial or digest and recycle damaged tissue or cellular parts |
meiosis(twice to four cells) | the process of cell division in which one cell with the diploid number of chromosomes divides twice to form four cells, each with haploid number of chromosomes |
melanocytes | produce melanin |
membranes | thin layers of tissues that cover a surface, line a cavity, or divide a space or an organ |
microvilli | folds of membranes of a cell that increase its surface area |
mitochondria | site of aerobic respiration; production of ATP |
mitosis | the process of cell division in which one cell with the diploid #of chromosomes divides once to form two identical cells, each with diploid # of chromosomes |
mucous membrane | line the body tracts that have openings to the environment |
mucous | keeps the cell wet |
muscle tissue | contraction |
nail follicles | produce nails |
nail root | portion of the nail buried in fold of skin |
nucleus | double-layered nuclear membrane with many pores |
osmosis | diffusion of water |
pilomotor | muscle that causes erection of hairs on skin |
pleural membrane | serous membrane that enclose the lungs and line the chest wall |
receptors | specialized cell or nerve ending that responds to a particular change such as light,sound,heat,touch or pressure |
ribosomes | site of protein synthesis |
sebaceous glands | oil glands |
selectively permeable | some substances can pass across them and others cannot |
serous membrane | a thin membrane lining that a closed cavities of the body |
simple | single layer of cells |
simple squamous epithelium | single layer of flat cells |
skeletal muscle | straited/voluntary |
simple cubiodal epithelium | single layer of cube shaped cells |
smooth muscle | involuntary/visceral |
squamous | flat cells |
stratified | many layers of cells |
stratified | consists of many layers of flat cells |
stratum corneum | outer most layer of epidermis |
stratum germinatium | new cells grow |
tissue | a group of similar cells that perform the same function |
transitional epithelium | stratified epithelium in which the surface cells change shape from round to squamous |