Term | Definition |
chemistry | is all about matter and the study of matter |
periodic table | there are twenty that are necessary for life |
matter | anything that takes up space |
water | 65% of who you are is water |
atom | center of atom is nucleus which consists of protons and neutrons and electrons float around |
protons | are positive charge |
neutrons | are neutral charges |
electrons | are negative charges |
ions | a charged particle carries a charge |
ionic bond | occurs when a positive and negative charges / ions come together and neutralizes charge they balance each other out |
covalent bond | when you have elements that are negatively charged but they share the bond / electrons equally |
molecule | is formed when you have two or more atoms that come together |
compound | two or more different elements that come together |
acid | is a substance that will give hydrogen off |
base | is an ion that will accept hydrogen |
ph | measures how much concentration of hydrogen in a solution |
ph scale | measures from 0 to 14 (zero to fourteen) 50% hydrogen concentration 7 is the exact middle (neutral) example pure distilled water is 7 anything less than that is acidic anything more is basic |
buffer | is a solution that prevents a change in the ph balance |
carbohydrates | organic substance that provide energy for cellular activities and are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
Lipids | organic substance that are insoluble in water and include fats, phospholipids, and steroids. |
saturated fatty acids | steak beef butter |
unsaturated fatty acids | salmon, olive oil, better for you they digest different |
phospholipids | body uses to make the cell wall |
proteins | what the structure of a protein is and how you break it down |
primary structure | long chain of amino acids |
secondary structure | long chain of amino acids pleated or twisted into a coil |
Tertiary | more pleats and twists into a globular form looks like a glob |
Quaternary | two or more strands join into a larger molecule |
protein breakdown | when your body breaks it down its opposite and starts from 4, 3, 2, 1 (quaternary, tertiary, secondary, primary) |
conformations | determine how proteins function |
denaturation | disruption of a proteins shape by ph |
Nucleic acids | are RNA, DNA, ATP |
DNA | Heredity material and a chromotin |
ATP | energy |
cell membrane | is made up of many phospholipids entire outside layer (skin) is phospholipids |
Nucleus | where your DNA is stored |
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum | (rough ER) synthesis protein what makes it rough are ribosomes they build a protein a long chain of amino acids |
smooth endoplasmic reticulum | (smooth ER) synthesizes lipids it makes the lipids |
Golgi apparatus | grabs newly formed amino acid edits chains allows it to fold then delivers it, it is like the protein protector you need protein
because they do everything |
mitochondria | produces energy in the form of ATP |
Note | think of a cell as if is a city and you have to get rid of the trash |
peroxisome | destroys junk-waste and breaks it down |
lysosomes | has two functions it can destroy the waste it can recycle it |
flagellum | is like a propeller it pushes a cell forward example-sperm |
cilia | are hair like structure that allows the cell to attached and move a little bit |
cytoskeleton | it gives the cell its structure or hold its shapes |