Question | Answer |
What is Anatomy? | study of structure of body parts, what they look like, where they are |
What is gross or macroscopic? | able to see with eyes |
What is microscopic? | need a microscope to see |
What is Physiology? | study of the function and how things work |
What is definition of regional? (Gross Anatomy) | all structures in one part of the body (such as the abdomen or leg) |
What is the definition of systematic? (Gross Anatomy) | gross anatomy of the bod studied by system - ex: circulatory and/or respiratory system |
Cytology? | study of cell |
Histology? | study of tissues |
Embryology? | study of developmental changes before birth |
Pathological Anatomy ? | study of structural changes caused by diseases |
Radiographic Anatomy? | study of internal structures visualized by specialized scanning procedures |
Physiology? | -considers operations of specific organ systems
-renal = kidney function
-neurophysiology = nervous system
-cardiovascular = operation of heart and blood vessels
-functions of the body, cellular or molecular level |
Principle of Complementarity? | -function always reflects structure
-form follows funtion |
What are the ways to examine the structure of the human body? | 1. inspection = seeing/eyesight
2. palpation = touching/feeling
3. auscultation = listen
4. percussion = tapping |
Exploratory Surgery? | opening body & looking inside |
Medical Imaging? | viewing inside the body without surgery - ex: radiology |
Ultrastructure? | molecular detail seen in electron microscope |
Subdiscipline - neurophysiology | Neurophysiology - study of nervous system |
Comparative Physiology? | -limitation on human experimentations
-study of different species to learn about bodily function
Examples --> animal surgery, animal drug tests |
"Father of Medicine" | Hippocrates = Greek physician
*natural over supernatural* |
Aristotle | -one of the first philosophers to write about anatomy and physiology
-believed that diseases had either supernatural causes or physical causes
- believed that complex structures are built from simpler parts |
SUPERNATURAL causes of disease | theologi -- physician |
NATURAL causes for disease | physiologi -- physiology |
Claudius Galen | -physician to Roman Gladiators
-animal dissections; cadavers banned
-method od discovery |
Avicenna (Ibn Sina) | -The Canon of Medicine
-Galen of Islam |
Andreas Vesalius | -taught anatomy in Italy
-barber did cutting |
FATHER OF CIRCULATION | William Harvery |
Robert Hooke | Microscope; non-living things
-housing>cell>little chamber |
Antony van Leeuwenhock | Microscope; living things - ex: blood, sperm |
What 3 Germans are associated with The Cell Theory? | 1) Schleiden
2) Schwann - animals
3) Virchow - life made of cells |
What is THE CELL THEORY? | 1) living things made of cells
2) cells basic unit
3) cells - preexisting cells |
Francis Bacon | Inductive Method = making lots of observations until one becomes confident in drawing generalizations and predictions from them |
Hypothetico-Deductive Mthod | consistent with what you already know
-more physiological knowledge gained by this method
-asks questions, forms hypothosis |
Scientific Method | 1) influenced by sample size
2) does need to be control - placebo in control group |
Doublw-blind Study | researcher doesn't give people in study indication of whats going on
*blank-placebo |
Describe process/connection of hypothesis, theory, and law | HYPOTHESIS = testable idea, capable of being proven > hypothesis well proven = THEORY > theories universally proven - LAW |
Evolution | change in genetic composition of population of organisms |
Natural Selection | may give edge or disadvantage |
Level of Structural Organization os Hierarchy | |
Subdicipline - endocrinology | Physiology of hormones |
Subdicipline - pathophysiology | mechanism of disease |