Question | Answer |
• What is microbiology? | Study of Microorganisms ( Microscopic organism) both Unicellular and Multicellular.
Bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses, algae etc. |
Johannes and Zacharias Jansen Invented what? | Compound Microscope Design |
• What is the germ theory of disease? | Microorganisms were believed to cause diseases and their transmissions/ Robert Koch proved with Postulates. |
What is Koch Postulates? | Fastidious Organisms can’t be grown in a pure culture / only if certain nutrients are present. Some have immunity to a pathogen so the Host won’t be susceptible. |
Linnaeus Created what? | Taxonomy |
What did Antoni Van discover? | Bacteria " animalcules" " beasties
Bacteriology
Protoozology
Mycology(Fungi)
Parasitology
Phycology |
Pasteur (Start of Golden Age) what concept did he discover? | Industrial Microbiology
Food and Beverage Technology (Pasteurization)
Swan Neck Flask Experiment |
Buchner discovered what? | Microbial metabolism
Genetic/ Genetic Engineering |
Koch discoverd what concept? | Koch's Postulates
Etiology |
Ivanosky discovered what? | Virology |
Beijerinck and Winogradskny discovered what? | Environmental and Ecological Micro |
What did Gram discover? | Microbial Morphology |
What did Lister and Nightingale establish? | Antiseptic Medical Techniquesand /Hospital Microbiology
Standard of Hygiene |
Jenner/ Von Behring/Kitasato Discovered? | Serology/ Immunology |
Ehrlich Discovered? | Chemotherapy |
Fleming Discovered? | Pharmaceutical Micro |
What is Phycology? | Algae |
What is Mycology? | Fungi |
What is Serology? | Antibodies in the Blood serum, particularly an indicator of infection. |
What is Epidemiology? | Freq distribution and spread of disease |
What is Etiology? | Cause of disease |
What is Chemotherapy? | Development and use of drugs to treat infectious diseases. |
What is Public Health Micro? | Sewage tx, water purification, and control of insects and spread of disease. |
Jenner observes what? | Milk maids infected with cowpox, don't contract smallpox/ inoculated individuals to show protection. |
What did Semmelweiss Discover? | Implement hand washing to reduce transmissions of disease. |
What did John Snow Map and what did he create in the process? | Cholera, and two branches of Micro: Epidemiology and Infection Control |
What is Spontaneous Generation? | Living organisms can originate from non-living organisms |
What are the proponents of Spontaneous Generation? | Fresh air was necessary for it to occur |
What Opposed Spontaneous Generation? | Boiling a sealed flask with nutrient solution, effectively sterilized contents and prevented further contamination |
What is Pasteur's Experiment? | Infusion of heat
steam escapes from the open end of the flask
infusion sits/ no microbes appear
months : air moves in and out of flasks
infusion remains sterile indefinitely
dust from air settles in bend |
What is the Pasteurization Technique? | Developed Vaccines for rabies, anthrax and cholera |
What is Commensal Microbe of Koch's Postulates? | Part of a helathy host microflora and may become opportunistic if pathogen immunity is compromised or distrubed.
Ex: Yeast Infections arn't deadly but they are if you have AIDS |
What are some limitations to Koch's Postulates? | Ethical Consideration |
Who discovered the structure of DNA and some recombinant genetics methods in E. Coli and other microbes? | Rosalind Franklin and Watson/ Crick |
Who discovered Archaea? | Carl Woese and George Fox |
Who discovered Prions and bacterial genomes/eukaryotic genomes? | Stanley Prusiner |
What are the 6 categorys that Leewenhoek Discoverd? | bacteria
archaea
fungi
protozoa
algae
small multicellular animals |
Why did he Leewenhoek not put Viruses on his list? | Viruses are so small that they need an electron microscope |
What is the Cells Structure of Bacteria? | Cells Lack nuclei
Not surrounded by a membrane
(Polysaccharides) cell wall is contains Peptidoglycans
Smaller than Eukaryotic Cells |
Bacteria usually travel? | in clusters ( pairs)/ or single |
Where does Bacteria derive nutrition? | from organic and inorganic sources or conduct photosynthesis |
When is Archaea present? | Extreme Environments and not assoc. with human disease. |
Bacteria can produce in what type? | Asexually: offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only; it does not involve the fusion of gametes, and almost never changes the number of chromosomes. |
What type of cell is Fungi? | Eukaryotic |
What is the cellular structure of Fungi? | Unicellular and Multicellular - communication to one cell or in one cell and multi is multiple cells or systems
contains: Nucleus , genetic material, by a distinct membrane
Multicellular have long filaments intertwine sexual/asexual spores |
How does Fungi get nutrition? | from other organisms cell walls |
What are the diff. type of Fungi ? | Molds and Yeasts |
What is the cell structure of Yeast? | Unicellular,oval- round |
How does Yeast Reproduce? | Asexually
by budding
Daughter cells grows off the mother cells |
What is a Facultative Anaerobes? | Can live with or w/o oxygen |
Yeast can help with what Symptoms? | Diarrhea and Colitis |
What are Beneficial Microbes? | Bread
Wine
Beer
Saccharomyces Cerevisia cause bread to rise and prodcues alcohol from sugar |
What is Candida Albicans? | Yeast infection woman get |
Can Viruses survive outside of a Host cell? | NO |
What is the cell structure of Protozoa? | Single cell /Eukaryotes |
How does Protozoa get nutrition? | Similiar to animals |
How does the Protozoa move? | Locomotion: Cilia(Beats) and Flagella ( Whiplike) |
How does Algae get its nutrition? | Carbon Dioxide and using energy from the sunlight |
How can you identify Algae? | Pigmentation of the cell walls |
What are some large Algaes? | Seaweed and Kelp |
What does Unicellular Algae make up most in the world? | Fresh water ponds> most of the world oxygen (Photosynthesis)
Streams
Lakes |
Where is the Parasitic Worm Found? | Blood- Fecal- Urine- and Lymph Specimens |
What are the influenzavirus characteristics? | Replicates in nucleus
small virus
RNA Virus
Simple |
How would you most likely get Small Pox | Coughing and Sneezing |
What does Coccus mean? | Spherical in shape organisms |
What does Aureus mean? | Golden |
What is Francesco Redi's Experiment? | Decaying meat kept isolated from flies
Meat Exposed to flies> Was soon infested w/maggots
adopt new view: animals only come from other animals |
When arn't antibiotics effective? | in txing viral infections |
What are two limitations with antibiotics? | Anitbiotics may be toxic
Tx with antibiotics can lead to EC of Resistant Strains |
What are the 6 steps to Scientific Method? | 1.OBSERVE a natural phenomenon Rxn
2.Devise and EXPLANATION of what you OBSERVED
3.EXPERIMENT to refute or supp. your explanation
4.RECORD the results of EXPERIMENTS
5.DETERMINE whether your RESULTS supp/refute explanation
6.DECIDE to rewrite EXPL. |