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Microbiology
Hx of Micro
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| • What is microbiology? | Study of Microorganisms ( Microscopic organism) both Unicellular and Multicellular. Bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses, algae etc. |
| Johannes and Zacharias Jansen Invented what? | Compound Microscope Design |
| • What is the germ theory of disease? | Microorganisms were believed to cause diseases and their transmissions/ Robert Koch proved with Postulates. |
| What is Koch Postulates? | Fastidious Organisms can’t be grown in a pure culture / only if certain nutrients are present. Some have immunity to a pathogen so the Host won’t be susceptible. |
| Linnaeus Created what? | Taxonomy |
| What did Antoni Van discover? | Bacteria " animalcules" " beasties Bacteriology Protoozology Mycology(Fungi) Parasitology Phycology |
| Pasteur (Start of Golden Age) what concept did he discover? | Industrial Microbiology Food and Beverage Technology (Pasteurization) Swan Neck Flask Experiment |
| Buchner discovered what? | Microbial metabolism Genetic/ Genetic Engineering |
| Koch discoverd what concept? | Koch's Postulates Etiology |
| Ivanosky discovered what? | Virology |
| Beijerinck and Winogradskny discovered what? | Environmental and Ecological Micro |
| What did Gram discover? | Microbial Morphology |
| What did Lister and Nightingale establish? | Antiseptic Medical Techniquesand /Hospital Microbiology Standard of Hygiene |
| Jenner/ Von Behring/Kitasato Discovered? | Serology/ Immunology |
| Ehrlich Discovered? | Chemotherapy |
| Fleming Discovered? | Pharmaceutical Micro |
| What is Phycology? | Algae |
| What is Mycology? | Fungi |
| What is Serology? | Antibodies in the Blood serum, particularly an indicator of infection. |
| What is Epidemiology? | Freq distribution and spread of disease |
| What is Etiology? | Cause of disease |
| What is Chemotherapy? | Development and use of drugs to treat infectious diseases. |
| What is Public Health Micro? | Sewage tx, water purification, and control of insects and spread of disease. |
| Jenner observes what? | Milk maids infected with cowpox, don't contract smallpox/ inoculated individuals to show protection. |
| What did Semmelweiss Discover? | Implement hand washing to reduce transmissions of disease. |
| What did John Snow Map and what did he create in the process? | Cholera, and two branches of Micro: Epidemiology and Infection Control |
| What is Spontaneous Generation? | Living organisms can originate from non-living organisms |
| What are the proponents of Spontaneous Generation? | Fresh air was necessary for it to occur |
| What Opposed Spontaneous Generation? | Boiling a sealed flask with nutrient solution, effectively sterilized contents and prevented further contamination |
| What is Pasteur's Experiment? | Infusion of heat steam escapes from the open end of the flask infusion sits/ no microbes appear months : air moves in and out of flasks infusion remains sterile indefinitely dust from air settles in bend |
| What is the Pasteurization Technique? | Developed Vaccines for rabies, anthrax and cholera |
| What is Commensal Microbe of Koch's Postulates? | Part of a helathy host microflora and may become opportunistic if pathogen immunity is compromised or distrubed. Ex: Yeast Infections arn't deadly but they are if you have AIDS |
| What are some limitations to Koch's Postulates? | Ethical Consideration |
| Who discovered the structure of DNA and some recombinant genetics methods in E. Coli and other microbes? | Rosalind Franklin and Watson/ Crick |
| Who discovered Archaea? | Carl Woese and George Fox |
| Who discovered Prions and bacterial genomes/eukaryotic genomes? | Stanley Prusiner |
| What are the 6 categorys that Leewenhoek Discoverd? | bacteria archaea fungi protozoa algae small multicellular animals |
| Why did he Leewenhoek not put Viruses on his list? | Viruses are so small that they need an electron microscope |
| What is the Cells Structure of Bacteria? | Cells Lack nuclei Not surrounded by a membrane (Polysaccharides) cell wall is contains Peptidoglycans Smaller than Eukaryotic Cells |
| Bacteria usually travel? | in clusters ( pairs)/ or single |
| Where does Bacteria derive nutrition? | from organic and inorganic sources or conduct photosynthesis |
| When is Archaea present? | Extreme Environments and not assoc. with human disease. |
| Bacteria can produce in what type? | Asexually: offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only; it does not involve the fusion of gametes, and almost never changes the number of chromosomes. |
| What type of cell is Fungi? | Eukaryotic |
| What is the cellular structure of Fungi? | Unicellular and Multicellular - communication to one cell or in one cell and multi is multiple cells or systems contains: Nucleus , genetic material, by a distinct membrane Multicellular have long filaments intertwine sexual/asexual spores |
| How does Fungi get nutrition? | from other organisms cell walls |
| What are the diff. type of Fungi ? | Molds and Yeasts |
| What is the cell structure of Yeast? | Unicellular,oval- round |
| How does Yeast Reproduce? | Asexually by budding Daughter cells grows off the mother cells |
| What is a Facultative Anaerobes? | Can live with or w/o oxygen |
| Yeast can help with what Symptoms? | Diarrhea and Colitis |
| What are Beneficial Microbes? | Bread Wine Beer Saccharomyces Cerevisia cause bread to rise and prodcues alcohol from sugar |
| What is Candida Albicans? | Yeast infection woman get |
| Can Viruses survive outside of a Host cell? | NO |
| What is the cell structure of Protozoa? | Single cell /Eukaryotes |
| How does Protozoa get nutrition? | Similiar to animals |
| How does the Protozoa move? | Locomotion: Cilia(Beats) and Flagella ( Whiplike) |
| How does Algae get its nutrition? | Carbon Dioxide and using energy from the sunlight |
| How can you identify Algae? | Pigmentation of the cell walls |
| What are some large Algaes? | Seaweed and Kelp |
| What does Unicellular Algae make up most in the world? | Fresh water ponds> most of the world oxygen (Photosynthesis) Streams Lakes |
| Where is the Parasitic Worm Found? | Blood- Fecal- Urine- and Lymph Specimens |
| What are the influenzavirus characteristics? | Replicates in nucleus small virus RNA Virus Simple |
| How would you most likely get Small Pox | Coughing and Sneezing |
| What does Coccus mean? | Spherical in shape organisms |
| What does Aureus mean? | Golden |
| What is Francesco Redi's Experiment? | Decaying meat kept isolated from flies Meat Exposed to flies> Was soon infested w/maggots adopt new view: animals only come from other animals |
| When arn't antibiotics effective? | in txing viral infections |
| What are two limitations with antibiotics? | Anitbiotics may be toxic Tx with antibiotics can lead to EC of Resistant Strains |
| What are the 6 steps to Scientific Method? | 1.OBSERVE a natural phenomenon Rxn 2.Devise and EXPLANATION of what you OBSERVED 3.EXPERIMENT to refute or supp. your explanation 4.RECORD the results of EXPERIMENTS 5.DETERMINE whether your RESULTS supp/refute explanation 6.DECIDE to rewrite EXPL. |
Created by:
aphastings
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