Question | Answer |
antibody | a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen. |
antigen | a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body |
DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. |
host cell | a living cell in which a virus multiplies. |
lymphocyte | a form of small leukocyte (white blood cell) with a single round nucleus, occurring especially in the lymphatic system. |
lysogenic cycle | Lysogeny, or the lysogenic cycle, is one of two cycles of viral reproduction |
lytic cycle | s one of the two cycles of viral reproduction (referring to bacterial viruses or bacteriophages), |
membranous envelope | The double-layered membrane enclosing the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. |
mucous membrane | an epithelial tissue that secretes mucus and that lines many body cavities and tubular organs including the gut and respiratory passages. |
nucleic acid core | an outer protein coating or capsid, and sometimes an outer envelope made of protein and phospholipid membranes derived from the host cell. |
phagocytic white blood cell | that break down bacteria and other microorganisms, foreign particles, and cellular debris. |
primary line of defence | The first line of defence (or outside defence system) includes physical and chemical barriers that are always ready and prepared to defend the body from infection. |
protein capsid | A capsid is the protein shell of a virus |
RNA | ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, |
secondary line of defence | The second line of defense is nonspecific resistance that destroys invaders in a generalized way without targeting specific individuals |
tertiary line of defence | A Tertiary Line of Defense is anything like antibodies, antigens, or any invaders that pass through the first and second line of defense |
viral specificity | Viral specificity. Definition. Refers to the specific type of cells that a virus can infect |
white blood cell | have a nucleus and cytoplasm and help protect the body from infection and disease through specialized neutrophils |
aerobic respiration | s the process of producing cellular energy involving oxygen. |
antibiotic | a medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms. |
antiseptic | relating to or denoting substances that prevent the growth of disease-causing microorganisms. |
bacteria | a member of a large group of unicellular microorganisms that have cell walls but lack organelles and an organized nucleus, including some that can cause disease. |
binary fission | is a kind of asexual reproduction. It is the most common form of reproduction in prokaryotes such as bacteria |
classification | the arrangement of animals and plants in taxonomic groups according to their observed similarities |
conjugation | the temporary union of two bacteria or unicellular organisms for the exchange of genetic material. |
disinfectant | a chemical liquid that destroys bacteria. |
ecological role | An ecological niche is the role and position a species has in its environment; how it meets its needs for food and shelter |
fermentation | the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat. |
motility | In biology, motility is the ability of organisms and fluid to move or get around. A microbiologist might test and compare the motility of various single-celled organisms. |
mutate/mutation | A mutation is a genetic change that causes new and different characteristics, like the mutation on the dog's DNA that makes its tail shorter than its ancestors' tails. |
photosynthesis | the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. |
prokaryote | a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles. |
resistant/resistance | giving, capable of, or exhibiting resistance —often used in combination. a drug-resistant strain of virus. |