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bio micobiology voca
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| antibody | a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen. |
| antigen | a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. |
| host cell | a living cell in which a virus multiplies. |
| lymphocyte | a form of small leukocyte (white blood cell) with a single round nucleus, occurring especially in the lymphatic system. |
| lysogenic cycle | Lysogeny, or the lysogenic cycle, is one of two cycles of viral reproduction |
| lytic cycle | s one of the two cycles of viral reproduction (referring to bacterial viruses or bacteriophages), |
| membranous envelope | The double-layered membrane enclosing the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. |
| mucous membrane | an epithelial tissue that secretes mucus and that lines many body cavities and tubular organs including the gut and respiratory passages. |
| nucleic acid core | an outer protein coating or capsid, and sometimes an outer envelope made of protein and phospholipid membranes derived from the host cell. |
| phagocytic white blood cell | that break down bacteria and other microorganisms, foreign particles, and cellular debris. |
| primary line of defence | The first line of defence (or outside defence system) includes physical and chemical barriers that are always ready and prepared to defend the body from infection. |
| protein capsid | A capsid is the protein shell of a virus |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, |
| secondary line of defence | The second line of defense is nonspecific resistance that destroys invaders in a generalized way without targeting specific individuals |
| tertiary line of defence | A Tertiary Line of Defense is anything like antibodies, antigens, or any invaders that pass through the first and second line of defense |
| viral specificity | Viral specificity. Definition. Refers to the specific type of cells that a virus can infect |
| white blood cell | have a nucleus and cytoplasm and help protect the body from infection and disease through specialized neutrophils |
| aerobic respiration | s the process of producing cellular energy involving oxygen. |
| antibiotic | a medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms. |
| antiseptic | relating to or denoting substances that prevent the growth of disease-causing microorganisms. |
| bacteria | a member of a large group of unicellular microorganisms that have cell walls but lack organelles and an organized nucleus, including some that can cause disease. |
| binary fission | is a kind of asexual reproduction. It is the most common form of reproduction in prokaryotes such as bacteria |
| classification | the arrangement of animals and plants in taxonomic groups according to their observed similarities |
| conjugation | the temporary union of two bacteria or unicellular organisms for the exchange of genetic material. |
| disinfectant | a chemical liquid that destroys bacteria. |
| ecological role | An ecological niche is the role and position a species has in its environment; how it meets its needs for food and shelter |
| fermentation | the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat. |
| motility | In biology, motility is the ability of organisms and fluid to move or get around. A microbiologist might test and compare the motility of various single-celled organisms. |
| mutate/mutation | A mutation is a genetic change that causes new and different characteristics, like the mutation on the dog's DNA that makes its tail shorter than its ancestors' tails. |
| photosynthesis | the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. |
| prokaryote | a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles. |
| resistant/resistance | giving, capable of, or exhibiting resistance —often used in combination. a drug-resistant strain of virus. |
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