Word | Definition |
Recessive | represented by a small letter in the genotype (aa) and is only seen if both alleles are small |
Dominant | represented by the big letter in the genotype (A) and is seen no matter what the other allele is |
Heterozygous | alleles in a genotype are different (Aa) |
Homozygous | alleles in a genotype are the same (aa) or (AA) |
Dihybrid | 2 trait cross |
Viral Glycoprotein | protein on the outside of a virus that attaches it to the cell |
Cilia | move things on the outside of the cell |
Bacteriophage | virus that attacks bacteria, no organelles or nucleus, only protein with DNA |
Bacteria | prokaryote with no organelles or nucleus |
Eukaryote | complex cell that has a nucleus and organelles |
Digestive System | brings food and nutrients into the body |
Immune System | Protects the body from pathogens and helps the body to get healthy when it is sick |
Nervous System | senses things in and around the body and communicates with the other systems through electrical impulses |
Endocrine System | creates hormones that are used as chemical signals for the body and other chemicals that assist in the running of the body |
Muscular System | Use lots of energy to contract and release to move the body or move other things inside the body |
Circulatory System | absorbs nutrients and materials from other systems (like food and oxygen) then transport it to where it needs to be in the body |
Reproductive System | makes babies |
Stomata | on the underside of a leaf and allows gas exchange for photosynthesis. can close to stop water loss |
Nastic Response | responding to touch (like a venus fly trap getting nutrients) |
Geotropism | response of the plant shoot growing against gravity and roots growing with gravity |
Hydrotropism | plant response where the roots attempt to find water |
Phototropism | plant response to light |
Primary Succession | no soil, very little diversity, pioneer species are moss and lichen |
Secondary Succession | soil, deeper soil allows for larger plants, like in forests with lots of diversity |
Commensalism | two species living together, one benefits and the other is not affected |
Parasitism | two species living together, one benefits and the other is hurt or killed |
Mutualism | two species living together, both benefit |
Predator | Consumer that hunts another organism |
Prey | organism that is hunted to be eaten |
Competition | organisms fighting for the same resources |
Producer | organisms that can make their own food through photo/chemosynthesis |
Primary Consumer | in a food chain it has arrow pointing from a producer and to a secondary consumer |
Secondary Consumer | in a food chain it has an arrow point from a primary consumer and to a tertiary consumer |
Tertiary Consumer | in a food chain it has an arrow point from a secondary consumer and to a quaternary consumer |
Detritivore | organism that eats dead and decaying matter and returns nutrients to the soil |
Trophic Pyramid | bottom level has more energy and top has less energy, take a "0" off the number each level it goes up |
Food web | Shows the energy relationships in an ecosystem, more arrows means it affects more species |
Mutation | change in the DNA that can lead to diversity |
Mammal Adaptations | Changes, like delayed implantation so babies are born in spring, live birth, breathing air, to help organisms survive |
Amphibian Adaptations | Changes, like smooth moist skin they can breathe through and have an internal skeletal system, to help organisms survive |
Reptile Adaptations | Changes, like scales or shells, to help organisms survive |
Insect Adaptations | Changes, like bright warning colors and external skeletons , to help organisms survive |
Disease Transmission | can easily spread by humans traveling or through the air and weak immune systems make it harder to stay healthy |
Viruses | can hide their DNA like in the lysogenic cycle or can replicate very quickly, like the lytic cycle |
Plant hormones | can cause movement or growth in plants |
Stamen | made of the anther and filament, male part of the flower that makes the male sex cells |
Petal | pretty part of the plant that attracts pollinators |
Carpel / pistil | made of the stigma, style, and ovary, female part of the plant, helps to develop an embryo |
Natural Selection | most fit survive and their traits are passed on to offspring in genes |
Gene Flow | genes move over from a different population |
Gradualism | theory that evolution occurs slowly over a period of time, starting with one species and ending up with more |
Punctuated Equilibrium | theory that evolution occurs in quick spurts followed by long periods of no change |
Mitochondria | Organelle that performs the process of cell respiration to provide the cell with energy |
Chloroplast | Green organelle in the leaf of the plant that performs the process of photosynthesis to make food |
Carbohydrate | biomolecule that is used for quick energy and can be a product of photosynthesis |
Lipid | biomolecule that can be used to store energy and enclose cells |
protein | biomolecule that can be used to speed up reactions and form many parts of the body |
Nucleic Acid | biomolecule that makes up genetic material |
Nucleotide Base | part of DNA that is sequenced for protein synthesis |
Mitosis | division of the nucleus, follows interphase, made up of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
Meiosis | process that produces gametes, start with 1 full cell, end with 4 half cells for reproduction |