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Biology EOC Review
vocab and ideas for 9th grade Bio EOC exam
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| Recessive | represented by a small letter in the genotype (aa) and is only seen if both alleles are small |
| Dominant | represented by the big letter in the genotype (A) and is seen no matter what the other allele is |
| Heterozygous | alleles in a genotype are different (Aa) |
| Homozygous | alleles in a genotype are the same (aa) or (AA) |
| Dihybrid | 2 trait cross |
| Viral Glycoprotein | protein on the outside of a virus that attaches it to the cell |
| Cilia | move things on the outside of the cell |
| Bacteriophage | virus that attacks bacteria, no organelles or nucleus, only protein with DNA |
| Bacteria | prokaryote with no organelles or nucleus |
| Eukaryote | complex cell that has a nucleus and organelles |
| Digestive System | brings food and nutrients into the body |
| Immune System | Protects the body from pathogens and helps the body to get healthy when it is sick |
| Nervous System | senses things in and around the body and communicates with the other systems through electrical impulses |
| Endocrine System | creates hormones that are used as chemical signals for the body and other chemicals that assist in the running of the body |
| Muscular System | Use lots of energy to contract and release to move the body or move other things inside the body |
| Circulatory System | absorbs nutrients and materials from other systems (like food and oxygen) then transport it to where it needs to be in the body |
| Reproductive System | makes babies |
| Stomata | on the underside of a leaf and allows gas exchange for photosynthesis. can close to stop water loss |
| Nastic Response | responding to touch (like a venus fly trap getting nutrients) |
| Geotropism | response of the plant shoot growing against gravity and roots growing with gravity |
| Hydrotropism | plant response where the roots attempt to find water |
| Phototropism | plant response to light |
| Primary Succession | no soil, very little diversity, pioneer species are moss and lichen |
| Secondary Succession | soil, deeper soil allows for larger plants, like in forests with lots of diversity |
| Commensalism | two species living together, one benefits and the other is not affected |
| Parasitism | two species living together, one benefits and the other is hurt or killed |
| Mutualism | two species living together, both benefit |
| Predator | Consumer that hunts another organism |
| Prey | organism that is hunted to be eaten |
| Competition | organisms fighting for the same resources |
| Producer | organisms that can make their own food through photo/chemosynthesis |
| Primary Consumer | in a food chain it has arrow pointing from a producer and to a secondary consumer |
| Secondary Consumer | in a food chain it has an arrow point from a primary consumer and to a tertiary consumer |
| Tertiary Consumer | in a food chain it has an arrow point from a secondary consumer and to a quaternary consumer |
| Detritivore | organism that eats dead and decaying matter and returns nutrients to the soil |
| Trophic Pyramid | bottom level has more energy and top has less energy, take a "0" off the number each level it goes up |
| Food web | Shows the energy relationships in an ecosystem, more arrows means it affects more species |
| Mutation | change in the DNA that can lead to diversity |
| Mammal Adaptations | Changes, like delayed implantation so babies are born in spring, live birth, breathing air, to help organisms survive |
| Amphibian Adaptations | Changes, like smooth moist skin they can breathe through and have an internal skeletal system, to help organisms survive |
| Reptile Adaptations | Changes, like scales or shells, to help organisms survive |
| Insect Adaptations | Changes, like bright warning colors and external skeletons , to help organisms survive |
| Disease Transmission | can easily spread by humans traveling or through the air and weak immune systems make it harder to stay healthy |
| Viruses | can hide their DNA like in the lysogenic cycle or can replicate very quickly, like the lytic cycle |
| Plant hormones | can cause movement or growth in plants |
| Stamen | made of the anther and filament, male part of the flower that makes the male sex cells |
| Petal | pretty part of the plant that attracts pollinators |
| Carpel / pistil | made of the stigma, style, and ovary, female part of the plant, helps to develop an embryo |
| Natural Selection | most fit survive and their traits are passed on to offspring in genes |
| Gene Flow | genes move over from a different population |
| Gradualism | theory that evolution occurs slowly over a period of time, starting with one species and ending up with more |
| Punctuated Equilibrium | theory that evolution occurs in quick spurts followed by long periods of no change |
| Mitochondria | Organelle that performs the process of cell respiration to provide the cell with energy |
| Chloroplast | Green organelle in the leaf of the plant that performs the process of photosynthesis to make food |
| Carbohydrate | biomolecule that is used for quick energy and can be a product of photosynthesis |
| Lipid | biomolecule that can be used to store energy and enclose cells |
| protein | biomolecule that can be used to speed up reactions and form many parts of the body |
| Nucleic Acid | biomolecule that makes up genetic material |
| Nucleotide Base | part of DNA that is sequenced for protein synthesis |
| Mitosis | division of the nucleus, follows interphase, made up of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| Meiosis | process that produces gametes, start with 1 full cell, end with 4 half cells for reproduction |
Created by:
MrsDasch
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